Chytrid rhizoid morphogenesis resembles hyphal development in multicellular fungi and is adaptive to resource availability

Proceedings. Biological Sciences
Davis LaundonMichael Cunliffe

Abstract

Key to the ecological prominence of fungi is their distinctive cell biology, our understanding of which has been principally based on dikaryan hyphal and yeast forms. The early-diverging Chytridiomycota (chytrids) are ecologically important and a significant component of fungal diversity, yet their cell biology remains poorly understood. Unlike dikaryan hyphae, chytrids typically attach to substrates and feed osmotrophically via anucleate rhizoids. The evolution of fungal hyphae appears to have occurred from rhizoid-bearing lineages and it has been hypothesized that a rhizoid-like structure was the precursor to multicellular hyphae. Here, we show in a unicellular chytrid, Rhizoclosmatium globosum, that rhizoid development exhibits striking similarities with dikaryan hyphae and is adaptive to resource availability. Rhizoid morphogenesis exhibits analogous patterns to hyphal growth and is controlled by β-glucan-dependent cell wall synthesis and actin polymerization. Chytrid rhizoids growing from individual cells also demonstrate adaptive morphological plasticity in response to resource availability, developing a searching phenotype when carbon starved and spatial differentiation when interacting with particulate organic matter. W...Continue Reading

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Citations

Sep 30, 2020·Biology Letters·Cordelia RobertsMichael Cunliffe
Oct 27, 2020·Cytoskeleton·Claire M VenardTim Stearns
Oct 15, 2020·Cells·Alexander P MelaN Louise Glass
Jun 2, 2021·MBio·Stephen P LillingtonMichelle A O'Malley

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
confocal microscopy

Software Mentioned

Python
RAxML
NeuronStudio
Fiji
btmorph2
DELTA
Blender
MAFFT
Jupyter Notebook
BLAST

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