Cigarette smoke is an endothelial stressor and leads to cell cycle arrest

Atherosclerosis
Blair HendersonGeorg Wick

Abstract

The molecular mechanisms underlying the atherogenic activity of cigarette smoke have yet to be fully elucidated. In the present study, genome-wide microarray analysis was performed on endothelial cells exposed to an aqueous cigarette smoke extract (CSE) for 3, 7, and 24 h, to obtain a better insight into how smoking may lead to endothelial damage. Microarray analysis showed the transcriptional response to CSE was dominated by heat shock, stress responsive, and inflammatory genes, along with genes encoding for anti-oxidant and metal detoxification proteins. The heat shock response was shown to be a result of short lived reactive species of CSE, with the abrogation of the effect by the addition of old CSE, the anti-oxidant N-acetyl cysteine, or the removal of metals from CSE implying that reactive oxygen species are the main culprit. This was further supported by a strong decline in the level of intracellular protein oxidation levels seen under these conditions compared to freshly prepared CSE. Mitochondrial integrity was also found to be significantly compromised after CSE treatment, resulting in a threefold increase in depolarised mitochondria after 6 h. Finally, cell cycle analysis showed the induction of G1 cell cycle arrest....Continue Reading

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Citations

Feb 6, 2013·Nature Reviews. Cardiology·Adam Csordas, David Bernhard
Jan 5, 2011·Antioxidants & Redox Signaling·Michael E Widlansky, David D Gutterman
Apr 22, 2011·Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology·Cecilia GrundtmanGeorg Wick
Jul 30, 2011·Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology·Simone Barbara KreutmayerDavid Bernhard
Dec 5, 2015·Frontiers in Physiology·Terence E RyanJoseph M McClung
Jul 8, 2009·Diabetes·Bryan C BergmanRobert H Eckel
Jun 21, 2016·Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology·Ming-Wei SuYungling Leo Lee
Jun 20, 2017·International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology·Junwei ZhaoJianping Xie
Aug 1, 2013·Physiological Reviews·Paul N Hopkins
Oct 11, 2011·American Journal of Physiology. Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology·Qing LuSharon Rounds
Mar 29, 2021·Food and Chemical Toxicology : an International Journal Published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association·Xiuxiu FuTao Yu

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