Circulating tumor cells in hepatocellular carcinoma: single-cell based analysis, preclinical models, and clinical applications.

Theranostics
Qian ZhangFubing Wang

Abstract

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are shed into the bloodstream from primary tumors and metastatic lesions and provide significant information about tumor progression and metastasis. CTCs contribute to tumor metastasis through the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). CTC clusters and stem-like phenotypes lead to a more aggressive and metastatic potential. CTCs retain the heterogeneity and imitate the nature of corresponding primary tumors. Therefore, it is important to use single-cell based analysis to obtain information on tumor heterogeneity and biology. CTCs are also good candidates for building preclinical models (especially 3D organoid cultures) for drug screening, disease modeling, genome editing, tumor immunity research, and organ-like biobank establishment. In this article, we summarize the current CTC capture technology, dissect the phenotypes associated with CTC metastasis, and review the progress in single-cell based analysis and preclinical modeling of the pattern and kinetics of CTCs. In particular, we discuss the use of CTCs to assess the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Citations

Jan 14, 2021·Biomaterials Science·Kanishka FernandoEliza Li Shan Fong

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
biopsy
chips
biosensor
flow cytometry
single-cell sequencing
xenografts
xenograft
FACS
biopsies

Software Mentioned

CellSearch

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