Citric acid- and Tween(®) 80-assisted phytoremediation of a co-contaminated soil: alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) performance and remediation potential

Environmental Science and Pollution Research International
A C AgnelloG Esposito

Abstract

A pot experiment was designed to assess the phytoremediation potential of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) in a co-contaminated (i.e., heavy metals and petroleum hydrocarbons) soil and the influence of citric acid and Tween(®) 80 (polyethylene glycol sorbitan monooleate), applied individually and combined together, for their possible use in chemically assisted phytoremediation. The results showed that alfalfa plants could tolerate and grow in a co-contaminated soil. Over a 90-day experimental time, shoot and root biomass increased and negligible plant mortality occurred. Heavy metals were uptaken by alfalfa to a limited extent, mostly by plant roots, and their concentration in plant tissues were in the following order: Zn > Cu > Pb. Microbial population (alkane-degrading microorganisms) and activity (lipase enzyme) were enhanced in the presence of alfalfa with rhizosphere effects of 9.1 and 1.5, respectively, after 90 days. Soil amendments did not significantly enhance plant metal concentration or total uptake. In contrast, the combination of citric acid and Tween(®) 80 significantly improved alkane-degrading microorganisms (2.4-fold increase) and lipase activity (5.3-fold increase) in the rhizosphere of amended plants, after 30 da...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jun 4, 2016·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Jia WeiBaihang Zhao
Apr 23, 2019·International Journal of Phytoremediation·Magín González-MoscosoAntonio Trujillo-Narcía
Feb 18, 2020·International Journal of Phytoremediation·Chen Zhiqiang, Chen Zhibiao
Nov 24, 2020·The Science of the Total Environment·Xiaolin WangErik Meers
Sep 19, 2020·Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety·B RazmiR Mostowfizadeh-Ghalamfarsa
May 30, 2021·Journal of Environmental Management·Ilaria GabrieleGiovanni Esposito

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