PMID: 18213958Jan 25, 2008Paper

Climate change and forests of the future: managing in the face of uncertainty

Ecological Applications : a Publication of the Ecological Society of America
Constance I MillarScott L Stephens

Abstract

We offer a conceptual framework for managing forested ecosystems under an assumption that future environments will be different from present but that we cannot be certain about the specifics of change. We encourage flexible approaches that promote reversible and incremental steps, and that favor ongoing learning and capacity to modify direction as situations change. We suggest that no single solution fits all future challenges, especially in the context of changing climates, and that the best strategy is to mix different approaches for different situations. Resources managers will be challenged to integrate adaptation strategies (actions that help ecosystems accommodate changes adaptively) and mitigation strategies (actions that enable ecosystems to reduce anthropogenic influences on global climate) into overall plans. Adaptive strategies include resistance options (forestall impacts and protect highly valued resources), resilience options (improve the capacity of ecosystems to return to desired conditions after disturbance), and response options (facilitate transition of ecosystems from current to new conditions). Mitigation strategies include options to sequester carbon and reduce overall greenhouse gas emissions. Priority-se...Continue Reading

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Citations

May 19, 2009·Environmental Management·Jill S BaronNate Stephenson
Jul 10, 2009·Environmental Management·Linda A JoyceDavid L Peterson
Jul 29, 2009·Environmental Management·Jordan M WestM Rebecca Shaw
Apr 27, 2012·Environmental Management·Paola BernazzaniJeffrey J Opperman
Jul 25, 2009·International Journal of Biometeorology·Jutta HolstHeinz Rennenberg
Jun 8, 2011·Ambio·David D BreshearsLisa J Graumlich
Aug 29, 2012·Journal of Environmental Management·Anke WittFranz Makeschin
Dec 15, 2010·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·A Park WilliamsSteven W Leavitt
Nov 9, 2012·Tree Physiology·Peter J GouldJ Bradley St Clair
Aug 17, 2011·Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences·Luigi MaioranoLuigi Boitani
Jan 29, 2010·Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society·Marco PautassoSigrid Hehl-Lange
Feb 4, 2010·Conservation Biology : the Journal of the Society for Conservation Biology·Lara HansenEric Mielbrecht
Jan 14, 2010·Conservation Biology : the Journal of the Society for Conservation Biology·Paul Beier, Brian Brost
Feb 3, 2011·Conservation Biology : the Journal of the Society for Conservation Biology·David G HoleStephen G Willis
Aug 1, 2009·Science·Stephen T Jackson, Richard J Hobbs
Aug 3, 2013·Science·Craig Moritz, Rosa Agudo
Mar 7, 2009·Ecological Applications : a Publication of the Ecological Society of America·Peter M BrownAmy J Symstad
Mar 28, 2009·Ecological Applications : a Publication of the Ecological Society of America·Scott L StephensAndrew Youngblood
Apr 22, 2010·Ecological Applications : a Publication of the Ecological Society of America·Catherine RavenscroftMark A White
Aug 13, 2011·Ecological Applications : a Publication of the Ecological Society of America·Laura K GrayAndreas Hamann
Sep 24, 2011·Ecological Applications : a Publication of the Ecological Society of America·Tania SchoennagelThomas T Veblen
Jul 26, 2012·Ecological Applications : a Publication of the Ecological Society of America·Michael NotaroJohn W Williams
May 23, 2012·Ecological Applications : a Publication of the Ecological Society of America·J M KranabetterG A O'Neill
Mar 12, 2016·The Journal of Applied Ecology·Rupert SeidlJeffrey A Hicke
Jul 20, 2013·Ecological Applications : a Publication of the Ecological Society of America·Mackenzie R JeffressClinton W Epps
Jun 7, 2011·Ecological Applications : a Publication of the Ecological Society of America·Peter Z FuléAndrew M Miller
Mar 31, 2010·Ecological Applications : a Publication of the Ecological Society of America·Tongli WangSally N Aitken
Sep 23, 2009·Ecological Applications : a Publication of the Ecological Society of America·K W DaviesJ D Bates
Apr 5, 2012·Ecological Applications : a Publication of the Ecological Society of America·Brian M Brost, Paul Beier
May 12, 2009·Ecological Applications : a Publication of the Ecological Society of America·Raphael Contamin, Aaron M Ellison
May 20, 2014·Ecological Applications : a Publication of the Ecological Society of America·Shannon M Hagerman, Terre Satterfield

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