Clinical and molecular insights into BCG immunotherapy for melanoma.

Journal of Internal Medicine
M KremenovicDelphine J Lee

Abstract

The incidence of cutaneous melanoma and the mortality rate of advanced melanoma patients continue to rise globally. Despite the recent success of immunotherapy including ipilimumab and pembrolizumab checkpoint inhibitors, a large proportion of patients are refractory to such treatment modalities. The application of mycobacteria such as Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) in the treatment of various malignancies, including cutaneous melanoma, has been clearly demonstrated after almost a century of observations and experimentation. Intralesional BCG (IL-BCG) immunotherapy is a highly efficient and cost-effective treatment option for inoperable stage III in-transit melanoma, as recommended in the National Comprehensive Cancer Network Guidelines. IL-BCG has shown great efficacy in the regression of directly injected metastatic melanoma lesions, as well as distal noninjected nodules in immunocompetent patients. Clinical and preclinical studies have shown that BCG serves as a strong immune modulator, inducing the recruitment of various immune cells that contribute to antitumour immunity. However, the specific mechanism of BCG-mediated tumour immunity remains poorly understood. Comparative genome analyses have revealed that different BCG s...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jul 17, 2020·Journal of Immunology Research·Massimo RalliAntonio Greco
Dec 15, 2020·Journal of Internal Medicine·C Locht, M Lerm
May 7, 2021·Immunological Reviews·Asma AhmedAnnapurna Vyakarnam
May 25, 2021·Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences·Suyang HuangYang Li
Jun 2, 2021·The Journal of Clinical Investigation·Alok K SinghWilliam R Bishai
Jun 1, 2021·Frontiers in Oncology·Liese VandeborneGauthier Bouche

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