Clinical consequences of toxic envenomations by Hymenoptera

Toxicon : Official Journal of the International Society on Toxinology
Justin O Schmidt

Abstract

Many familiar Hymenoptera are brightly colored and can sting painfully-thus, their threat and clinical importance may be exaggerated. Most stinging insects only sting to defend themselves or their colonies from predators. The clinical nature of Hymenoptera envenomations contrasts that of other venomous animals, including other arthropods, primarily because allergic reaction, not direct intoxication, is the usual main concern. This review focuses mainly on the clinical features of direct toxicity to Hymenoptera envenomations, which can induce a high incidence of acute renal failure, liver failure, multiple organ failures, and death. Toxic mass envenomations by honeybees usually entail many hundreds or more stings per victim. In contrast to honeybee toxic envenomations, hornet sting envenomations can be clinically threatening with only 20-200 stings needed to cause kidney and other organ failures. Many lethal envenomations by honeybees occur in rural areas in the New World and Africa and are not recorded or documented. In contrast, deaths by hornets occur mainly to Asia. The most frequent and important envenomating taxa are honeybees, hornets, yellowjacket wasps, paper wasps, fire ants, and jack jumper ants. Occasional envenomati...Continue Reading

Citations

Jul 24, 2020·Archives of Toxicology·Cayetano HerreraEmma Martínez-López
Sep 26, 2019·Frontiers in Immunology·Manuela B PuccaAndreas H Laustsen
Jan 6, 2021·Molecules : a Journal of Synthetic Chemistry and Natural Product Chemistry·Anna Kurek-GóreckaPaweł Olczyk
Nov 20, 2020·Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care·Satish Kumar PrasadSuman Kumar Panda
Nov 3, 2020·Frontiers in Veterinary Science·Jéssica Baeça Rezende Marinho, Benito Soto-Blanco
May 1, 2021·Biomedicines·Volker Herzig
May 8, 2021·Clinical Toxicology : the Official Journal of the American Academy of Clinical Toxicology and European Association of Poisons Centres and Clinical Toxicologists·Praopilad SrisuwarnWinai Wananukul
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Jul 28, 2021·BMJ Case Reports·Kumaresh Pillur TamilarasuAnkita Kabi
Dec 2, 2020·The American Journal of Emergency Medicine·Yao-Chen WangMeng-Yu Wu
Aug 23, 2021·Toxicon : Official Journal of the International Society on Toxinology·Isabelli Sayuri KonoTatiane Cargnin Faccin
Oct 3, 2020·Toxicon : Official Journal of the International Society on Toxinology·Adolfo R de RoodtCarlos F Damin

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