[Clinical examination for patellofemoral problems].

Der Orthopäde
G I Pagenstert, M Bachmann

Abstract

Patellofemoral pain and instability account for 25% of all sports-related knee problems. However, definitive analysis seems to be difficult. Descriptive findings like "anterior knee pain", "patellofemoral pain syndrome", or "chondromalacia" are used instead of diagnosis. One reason may be the complex pathomechanics of the patellofemoral joint which is suspended between the pelvis, the femur, and the tibia and subsequently is influenced by the whole lower extremity from the hip down to the foot. On the other hand, different signs and functional tests are in use with at times lack of quantification and ambiguous interpretation. The current manuscript reviews the commonly used signs and functional tests, analyzes them based on the current literature, and arranges them in a practical manner for physical examination. A MEDLINE literature search and special textbooks regarding patellofemoral disorders were used; 43 signs and tests were found. The examiner can quantify 18 of these findings on a nominal and 15 on an ordinal scale. Thus, this manuscript provides a standardized algorithm for physical examination with a collection of quantifiable findings, which are of growing importance to justify adequate diagnostics and treatment.

References

Mar 1, 1978·The American Journal of Sports Medicine·S L JamesL R Osternig
Jul 1, 1992·The American Journal of Sports Medicine·R M BiedertN F Friederich
Jul 1, 1990·The American Journal of Sports Medicine·P A KolowichS Farnsworth
Jan 1, 1988·Arthroscopy : the Journal of Arthroscopic & Related Surgery : Official Publication of the Arthroscopy Association of North America and the International Arthroscopy Association·A C Merchant
Sep 1, 1973·Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases·P BeightonC L Soskolne
Apr 1, 1984·Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases·J C FairbankH Phillips
Sep 1, 1994·The American Journal of Sports Medicine·D E Nonweiler, J C DeLee
Apr 1, 1994·The Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy·J P GuerraR L Gajdosik
Sep 1, 1993·The American Journal of Sports Medicine·T C SkalleyR A Teitge
Sep 1, 1993·The Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy·W E Melchione, M S Sullivan
Jan 1, 1993·The Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy·D CaylorT W Worrell
Mar 1, 1993·The Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy·M S Puniello
Sep 1, 1995·The American Journal of Sports Medicine·D C FithianD M Daniel
Mar 1, 1996·The Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy·D A TomsichR Shapiro
Jan 1, 1997·Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine : Official Journal of the Canadian Academy of Sport Medicine·P Baquie, P Brukner
Feb 4, 1998·British Journal of Rheumatology·Z al-Rawi, A H Nessan
Jun 10, 1998·Arthroscopy : the Journal of Arthroscopic & Related Surgery : Official Publication of the Arthroscopy Association of North America and the International Arthroscopy Association·L L JohnsonJ M Phillips
Jan 1, 1997·The Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons·B P BodenJ A Feagin
Aug 2, 2000·The American Journal of Sports Medicine·E WitvrouwG Vanderstraeten
Aug 3, 2001·Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery·R M Biedert, K Warnke
Dec 13, 2003·The Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy·Christopher M Powers
Dec 13, 2003·The Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy·Mary Lloyd IrelandIrene McClay Davis
Dec 13, 2003·The Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy·Christopher M PowersFrank G Shellock
May 25, 2004·British Journal of Sports Medicine·M J Callaghan, J A Oldham
Jun 19, 2004·Journal of Pediatric Orthopedics·W David Bruce, Peter M Stevens
Nov 9, 2004·Clinical Biomechanics·Lee Herrington, Chris Nester
Mar 30, 2005·The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. British Volume·W Senavongse, A A Amis
Sep 6, 2005·Orthopedics·Vicente Sanchis-AlfonsoAlmudena García
Feb 24, 2006·Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy : Official Journal of the ESSKA·Roland M Biedert, Silvia Albrecht
Sep 28, 2006·Journal of Orthopaedic Research : Official Publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society·Andrew A AmisAnthony M J Bull
Jan 1, 1989·The Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy·J C Gose, P Schweizer
Jan 1, 1986·The Australian Journal of Physiotherapy·J McCONNELL

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Apr 8, 2011·Der Orthopäde·G SeitlingerS Hofmann
Jan 12, 2011·Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy : Official Journal of the ESSKA·Markus WünschelOtto Müller
Nov 28, 2018·MMW Fortschritte der Medizin·Wolfgang HönleAlexander Schuh

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.

Related Papers

AJR. American Journal of Roentgenology
Jon A JacobsonDonna G Blankenbaker
The Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy
S W Holmes, W G Clancy
Clinics in Sports Medicine
W A Grana, L A Kriegshauser
© 2022 Meta ULC. All rights reserved