Clinical features of patients with blepharospasm: a report of 240 patients.

European Journal of Neurology : the Official Journal of the European Federation of Neurological Societies
E L PeckhamM Hallett

Abstract

To characterize patients with benign essential blepharospasm (BEB) by diagnosis, environmental risk factors, and family history. Two hundred and forty patients with BEB were evaluated through a clinical examination and questionnaire. The questionnaire reviewed personal medical history, demographic factors, risk factors for the development of blepharospasm and family history of dystonia and other neurological conditions. Benign essential blepharospasm was more commonly found in women (2.8:1) and 93% of the patients were Caucasian. Fifty percent had pure BEB, 31% had BEB/Meige's syndrome, and 4% had BEB and eyelid opening apraxia (+/- Meige's syndrome). A minority of patients reported preceding photophobia (25%) or other eye conditions (22%). The majority were non-smokers, had no exposure to anti-emetic or antipsychotic agents, had a normal birth history, and had no history of head trauma. Seventy-two percent did report a stressful event immediately prior to the development of symptoms. Treatments reported included botulinum toxin (BoNT), oral medications, surgical procedures, and acupuncture. Thirty-two percent of patients reported a family history of focal dystonia, and BEB was the most commonly reported. This study confirms pr...Continue Reading

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Citations

Sep 14, 2012·European Journal of Neurology : the Official Journal of the European Federation of Neurological Societies·A H Schapira, M Hillbom
Dec 5, 2015·Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety·Mitchell F BrinHuiying Yang
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