Clinical markers of morbidity, mortality and survival in bladder cancer patients treated with radical cystectomy. A systematic review.
Abstract
Context: Radical cystectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection (RC and PLND) are an essential part of the treatment paradigm in high risk bladder cancer. However, these patients have high rates of morbidity and mortality related both to the treatment and to the disease.Objective: To provide overview of current literature about clinical markers that can be used to predict and improve BC-patient outcomes at the time of RC and PLND and to study if they are properly validated.Evidence acquisition: A systematic literature search was conducted according to PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) criteria between January 1990 and October 2018 to identify English written original and review articles relevant to this topic. Prospective and retrospective studies were included.Evidence synthesis: There are several risk factors identified from non-randomised trials that can be improved before surgery to reduce perioperative mortality and morbidity. These include poor nutritional status, anaemia, renal function and smoking. Preoperative nomograms have also been developed to help decision-making and to inform patients about the risks of surgery. They can be used to estimate risk of postoperative mortality af...Continue Reading
References
Prognostic significance of lymphovascular invasion of bladder cancer treated with radical cystectomy
Predicting individual outcomes after radical cystectomy: an external validation of current nomograms
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