Clinical Perspectives of Parkinson's Disease for Ophthalmologists, Otorhinolaryngologists, Cardiologists, Dentists, Gastroenterologists, Urologists, Physiatrists, and Psychiatrists.

Journal of Korean Medical Science
Ji Hyun ChoiYun Jung Bae

Abstract

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a multisystemic disorder characterized by various non-motor symptoms (NMS) in addition to motor dysfunction. NMS include sleep, ocular, olfactory, throat, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, genitourinary, or musculoskeletal disorders. A range of NMS, particularly hyposmia, sleep disturbances, constipation, and depression, can even appear prior to the motor symptoms of PD. Because NMS can affect multiple organs and result in major disabilities, the recognition and multidisciplinary and collaborative management of NMS by physicians is essential for patients with PD. Therefore, the aim of this review article is to provide an overview of the organs that are affected by NMS in PD together with a brief review of pathophysiology and treatment options.

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Citations

Feb 11, 2021·Clinics·Josef FinstererAna Claudia Fiorini
Feb 16, 2021·Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience·Yan Gao, Teresa Nicolson
May 11, 2021·Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews·Fabrizio MichettiFrancesco Ria

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