Clinical pharmacokinetics of articaine

Clinical Pharmacokinetics
R OertelW Kirch

Abstract

Articaine is the most widely used local anaesthetic agent in dentistry in a number of European countries. The amide structure of articaine is similar to that of other local anaesthetics, but it contains an additional ester group which is quickly hydrolysed by esterases. High performance liquid chromatography has been used to determine the concentrations of articaine and its metabolite articainic acid in serum. Rapid sample preparation is critical in the accurate determination of articaine serum concentrations, since blood and serum are the sites of metabolism. The time to maximum drug concentrations of articaine occurs about 10 to 15 minutes after submucosal injection of articaine 4% 80 mg, irrespective of epinephrine (adrenaline). The mean maximum plasma drug concentration is about 400 micrograms/L for articaine with epinephrine 1:200,000 and 580 micrograms/L for articaine without epinephrine. The elimination half-time of articaine is about 20 minutes. The rapid breakdown of articaine to the inactive metabolite articainic acid is related to a very low systemic toxicity and consequently to the possibility of repeated injections. Equal analgesic efficacy along with lower systemic toxicity (i.e. a wide therapeutic range) permits ...Continue Reading

Citations

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