Clinical presentation and diagnosis of multiple sclerosis

Clinical Medicine : Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of London
Helen Ford

Abstract

The diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS) is through clinical assessment and supported by investigations. There is no single accurate and reliable diagnostic test. MS is a disease of young adults with a female predominance. There are characteristic clinical presentations based on the areas of the central nervous system involved, for example optic nerve, brainstem and spinal cord. The main pattern of MS at onset is relapsing-remitting with clinical attacks of neurological dysfunction lasting at least 24 hours. The differential diagnosis includes other inflammatory central nervous system disorders. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and lumbar puncture are the key investigations. New diagnostic criteria have been developed to allow an earlier diagnosis and thus access to effective disease modifying treatments.

References

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Citations

Sep 17, 2020·Clinical Medicine : Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of London·Shahid A Kausar
May 18, 2021·Intractable & Rare Diseases Research·Mohamad MoussaYoussef Fares
Jun 29, 2021·Psychology Research and Behavior Management·Aleksandra KołtuniukJustyna Chojdak-Łukasiewicz
Jul 14, 2021·BMJ Military Health·Oliver O'SullivanH Ellis
Jul 28, 2021·Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America·Wassim MalakVinh Nguyen
Oct 14, 2021·Journal of Clinical Nursing·Kelly Jean Dickerson

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