Clinical Profile of Patients Admitted with Hyponatremia in the Medical Intensive Care Unit

Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine : Peer-reviewed, Official Publication of Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine
Prakash BabalicheSajal Kamat

Abstract

Hyponatremia is the predominant electrolyte abnormality with an incidence rate of approximately 22%. It is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality with scarce data in Indian intensive care settings. The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical features and etiology of hyponatremia in patients admitted to an Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of a tertiary care hospital. A 1-year prospective cross-sectional observational study was conducted, including 100 adult patients with moderate-to-severe hyponatremia admitted to the Medical ICU. Patients underwent investigations such as serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, serum osmolality, serum sodium, urine sodium, and urine osmolality, sputum culture, cerebrospinal fluid analysis, and neuroimaging. Data were analyzed using independent sample t-test, Chi-square test, and Fisher's exact test. Vomiting (28) followed by confusion (26) was the most common complaint. Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) (46) was the most common etiology for hyponatremia, and euvolemic hypoosmolar hyponatremia (50) was the most common type of hyponatremia. Confusion was significantly high in patients with severe hyponatremia as compared to patients with moderate hyponatremia (22...Continue Reading

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