Clinical syndromes associated with mtDNA mutations: where we stand after 30 years

Essays in Biochemistry
Valerio Carelli, Chiara La Morgia

Abstract

The landmark year 1988 can be considered as the birthdate of mitochondrial medicine, when the first pathogenic mutations affecting mtDNA were associated with human diseases. Three decades later, the field still expands and we are not 'scraping the bottom of the barrel' yet. Despite the tremendous progress in terms of molecular characterization and genotype/phenotype correlations, for the vast majority of cases we still lack a deep understanding of the pathogenesis, good models to study, and effective therapeutic options. However, recent technological advances including somatic cell reprogramming to induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), organoid technology, and tailored endonucleases provide unprecedented opportunities to fill these gaps, casting hope to soon cure the major primary mitochondrial phenotypes reviewed here. This group of rare diseases represents a key model for tackling the pathogenic mechanisms involving mitochondrial biology relevant to much more common disorders that affect our currently ageing population, such as diabetes and metabolic syndrome, neurodegenerative and inflammatory disorders, and cancer.

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Citations

May 12, 2019·British Journal of Pharmacology·Radha Desai, Michelangelo Campanella
May 29, 2020·Journal of Internal Medicine·C La MorgiaV Carelli
Aug 28, 2020·Journal of Molecular Medicine : Official Organ of the Gesellschaft Deutscher Naturforscher Und Ärzte·Alessandra MarescaUNKNOWN ER-MITO Study Group
Feb 25, 2021·Nature Reviews. Neurology·William L MackenRobert D S Pitceathly
Apr 16, 2021·Brain : a Journal of Neurology·Elena BonoraRoberto De Giorgio
Aug 8, 2021·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Paola ZanfardinoVittoria Petruzzella
Jan 28, 2022·Antioxidants & Redox Signaling·Carlo ViscomiEster Zito

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