Cloaked Viruses and Viral Factors in Cutting Edge Exosome-Based Therapies

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology
Christos DogrammatzisMaria Kalamvoki

Abstract

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) constitute a heterogeneous group of vesicles released by all types of cells that play a major role in intercellular communication. The field of EVs started gaining attention since it was realized that these vesicles are not waste bags, but they carry specific cargo and they communicate specific messages to recipient cells. EVs can deliver different types of RNAs, proteins, and lipids from donor to recipient cells and they can influence recipient cell functions, despite their limited capacity for cargo. EVs have been compared to viruses because of their size, cell entry pathways, and biogenesis and to viral vectors because they can be loaded with desired cargo, modified, and re-targeted. These properties along with the fact that EVs are stable in body fluids, they can be produced and purified in large quantities, they can cross the blood-brain barrier, and autologous EVs do not appear to cause major adverse effects, have rendered them attractive for therapeutic use. Here, we discuss the potential for therapeutic use of EVs derived from virus infected cells or EVs carrying viral factors. We have focused on six major concepts: (i) the role of EVs in virus-based oncolytic therapy or virus-based gene del...Continue Reading

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Citations

Dec 19, 2020·Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology·Sharon de Toledo Martins, Lysangela Ronalte Alves
Dec 31, 2020·Viruses·Christos DogrammatzisMaria Kalamvoki
May 1, 2021·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Allison MathiesenAnca Dobrian
Jun 15, 2021·Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences·A S VickramKarunakaran Rohini
Aug 10, 2021·Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences·Yan-Yan YanJian-Ye Zhang
Aug 29, 2021·Viruses·Sergio Montaner-TarbesHernando Del Portillo
Aug 29, 2021·Viruses·Laura HofmanMartine L M Lamfers
Sep 22, 2020·Kidney & Blood Pressure Research·Gabriella PocsfalviGiovambattista Capasso
Nov 26, 2021·Molecular Medicine Reports·Kwang Ho YooJaeyoung Kim

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
transmission electron microcopy
electron microscopy
ubiquitination
Infection
transfection

Software Mentioned

ESCRT

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