Clostridium difficile colitis and zoonotic origins-a narrative review

Gastroenterology Report
Alexander W W Brown, Robert B Wilson

Abstract

Clostridium difficile is a major cause of hospital-associated diarrhoea, and in severe cases leads to pseudomembranous colitis and toxic megacolon. The frequency of C. difficile infection (CDI) has increased in recent decades, with 453 000 cases identified in 2011 in the USA. This is related to antibiotic-selection pressure, disruption of normal host intestinal microbiota and emergence of antibiotic-resistant C. difficile strains. The burden of community-acquired CDI has been increasingly appreciated, with disease identified in patients previously considered low-risk, such as young women or patients with no prior antibiotic exposure. C. difficile has been identified in livestock animals, meat products, seafood and salads. It has been postulated that the pool of C. difficile in the agricultural industry may contribute to human CDI. There is widespread environmental dispersal of C. difficile spores. Domestic households, turf lawns and public spaces are extensively contaminated, providing a potential reservoir for community-acquired CDI. In Australia, this is particularly associated with porcine-derived C. difficile UK PCR ribotype 014/020. In this article, the epidemiological differences between hospital- and community-acquired C...Continue Reading

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Citations

Aug 24, 2020·Journal of Leukocyte Biology·Rodrigo Emanuel Hernández Del PinoVirginia Pasquinelli
Apr 30, 2020·Euro Surveillance : Bulletin Européen Sur Les Maladies Transmissibles = European Communicable Disease Bulletin·Valerija TkalecMajda Biasizzo
Jun 3, 2021·Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews : MMBR·Kathleen E Orrell, Roman A Melnyk

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
spore
glucosylation
GTPases
PCR
electrophoresis
ribotyping

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