Clostridium difficile toxins and enterococcal translocation in vivo and in vitro

The Journal of Surgical Research
B A FeltisC L Wells

Abstract

Clostridium difficile toxins alter permeability in cultured enterocytes and may alter intestinal epithelial permeability to bacteria in vivo. Experiments were designed to test the effects of C. difficile toxins on in vitro interactions of Enterococcus gallinarum with cultured enterocytes, as well as on translocation of E. gallinarum in mice. Mature Caco-2 and HT-29 enterocytes were pretreated with C. difficile toxin A or toxin B followed by incubation with E. gallinarum. E. gallinarum-enterocyte interactions were assessed by quantitative culture. For in vivo experiments, antibiotic-treated mice were orally inoculated with C. difficile or saline, and all mice were orally inoculated 24 h later with E. gallinarum and sacrificed after another 24 h for analysis of cecal bacteria, cecal C. difficile toxin, and enterococcal translocation. Cecal C. difficile toxin was assayed as cytopathic effects on human foreskin fibroblasts. Although neither toxin had a noticeable effect on bacterial internalization by cultured enterocytes, C. difficile toxins were associated with increased E. gallinarum transmigration across confluent enterocyte cultures. Mice orally inoculated with saline rather than C. difficile (n = 29) had no detectable cecal t...Continue Reading

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Citations

Sep 24, 2004·Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics·Joseph GrinblatYichayaou Beloosesky
May 14, 2005·Critical Care Medicine·Daurea A De-Souza, Lewis J Greene
May 24, 2003·Best Practice & Research. Clinical Gastroenterology·Reiner Wiest, Heiko C Rath

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