Co-circulation and persistence of multiple A/H3N2 influenza variants in China

Emerging Microbes & Infections
Weifeng ShiDayan Wang

Abstract

The spread of influenza A/H3N2 variants possessing the hemagglutinin 121 K mutation and the unexpectedly high incidence of influenza in the 2017-2018 northern hemisphere influenza season have raised serious concerns about the next pandemic. We summarized the national surveillance data of seasonal influenza in China and identified marked differences in influenza epidemics between northern and southern China, particularly the predominating subtype and the presence of an additional summer peak in southern China. Notably, a minor spring peak of influenza caused by a different virus subtype was also observed. We also revealed that the 3C.2a lineage was dominant from the summer of 2015 to the end of the 2015-2016 peak season in China, after which the 3C.2a2 lineage predominated despite the importation and co-circulation of the 121 K variants of 3C.2a1 and 3C.2a3 lineages at the global level. Finally, an analysis based on genetic distances revealed a delay in A/H3N2 vaccine strain update. Overall, our results highlight the complicated circulation pattern of seasonal influenza in China and the necessity for a timely vaccine strain update worldwide.

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Citations

Feb 7, 2020·European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases : Official Publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology·Liang ChenXiqian Xing
Apr 9, 2020·Nature Microbiology·Wen-Hua KongMan-Qing Liu
Sep 3, 2020·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·William J LiuGeorge F Gao
Apr 17, 2021·Frontiers of Medicine·William J LiuYingxia Liu

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
PCR
MDS
glycosylation

Software Mentioned

Bioedit
Muscle
Phylip
FigTree
RAxML
MDS
house
PyMOL
Phylipand

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