Abstract
A limited survey was conducted to assess the co-occurrence of aflatoxins (AF) B1, B2, G1, and G2; fumonisins (FB) B1 and B2; ochratoxin A (OTA); zearalenone (ZEN); and deoxynivalenol (DON) in maize food (N = 26) and animal feed (N = 45) collected from 21 small-scale farms from the states of São Paulo (SP) and Santa Catarina (SC), Brazil. Samples evaluated were maize meal and maize flour for human consumption available in the farm households, and maize-based feed intended for broiler chicks, laying hens, and dairy cows. Analyses of mycotoxins were performed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. The median levels of mycotoxins found in maize food were 2.5 μg/kg (total AF), 120 μg/kg (total FB), 13 μg/kg (ZEN), and 57 μg/kg (DON). All values were below the Brazilian tolerance limits, except for total FB in one sample of maize flour. In feed samples, median levels of total AF, total FB, ZEN, and DON were 100 μg/kg, 680 μg/kg, 160 μg/kg, and 200 μg/kg, respectively. The co-occurrence of two or more mycotoxins was confirmed in 35% and 51% of maize food and feed, respectively. Results indicate a low human exposure to mycotoxins in the small-scale farms evaluated and a higher exposure of farm...Continue Reading
References
May 1, 1995·Food Additives and Contaminants·C R PozziM C Meirelles
Dec 5, 2000·Food Additives and Contaminants·M Machinski Júnior, L M Soares
Aug 21, 2003·Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry·Liana van der WesthuizenWalter F O Marasas
Aug 17, 2006·Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry : RCM·Michael SulyokRainer Schuhmacher
Nov 24, 2006·Mycopathologia·Glenda R OliveiraCarlos A Rosa
Dec 30, 2006·Molecular Nutrition & Food Research·Annie Pfohl-Leszkowicz, Richard A Manderville
Sep 18, 2007·Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry·Michael SulyokRainer Schuhmacher
Feb 2, 2012·Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry·Elisabeth VargaFranz Berthiller
Oct 30, 2012·Toxins·Inês Rodrigues, Karin Naehrer
Dec 1, 2005·Mycotoxin Research·K ZerullS Dänicke
Apr 23, 2013·Mycotoxin Research·H Marina MartinsFernando Bernardo
Dec 3, 2013·Brazilian Journal of Microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology]·Giovanna Caputo Almeida-FerreiraMiguel Machinski
Dec 19, 2013·TheScientificWorldJournal·Maria de Lourdes Mendes de SouzaRainer Schuhmacher
Feb 27, 2016·Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition·Imourana Alassane-KpembiIsabelle Paule Oswald
Jun 14, 2017·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·Ahmad Alshannaq, Jae-Hyuk Yu
Citations
Feb 15, 2019·Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition·Sakshi MishraSrikanta Kumar Rath
Jun 5, 2019·Toxins·Andrea MolinaFabio Granados-Chinchilla
Aug 20, 2019·Poultry Science·J D LiuT J Applegate
Aug 2, 2019·Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture·Allana Patrícia Santos AlexandreMaria Antonia Calori-Domingues
Mar 11, 2020·Foods·Ruben A ChavezMatthew J Stasiewicz
Mar 27, 2020·Toxins·Rocio FacorroThierry Dagnac
Jun 11, 2020·Toxins·Jundi Liu, Todd Applegate
Sep 12, 2020·Plant Disease·Antonio LogriecoGary Munkvold
May 28, 2019·Archives of Microbiology·Adam PerczakAgnieszka Waśkiewicz
Mar 27, 2021·Analytica Chimica Acta·Yan YangYiyang Dong
May 28, 2021·Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology·Emmanuel Edoghogho Imade, Olubukola Oluranti Babalola
Aug 6, 2021·International Journal of Environmental Health Research·I B Molina-PintorC A González-Arias
Jul 17, 2020·Food and Chemical Toxicology : an International Journal Published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association·Patrícia Diniz AndradeEloisa Dutra Caldas
Jun 11, 2020·Food Research International·Carolina Fernanda S C CoppaCarlos A F Oliveira
Aug 27, 2021·Toxins·Matheus FreyCarlos Oliveira