Co-option and dissociation in larval origins and evolution: the sea urchin larval gut

Evolution & Development
Alan C LoveRudolf A Raff

Abstract

The origin of marine invertebrate larvae has been an area of controversy in developmental evolution for over a century. Here, we address the question of whether a pelagic "larval" or benthic "adult" morphology originated first in metazoan lineages by testing the hypothesis that particular gene co-option patterns will be associated with the origin of feeding, indirect developing larval forms. Empirical evidence bearing on this hypothesis is derivable from gene expression studies of the sea urchin larval gut of two closely related but differently developing congenerics, Heliocidaris tuberculata (feeding indirect-developing larva) and H. erythrogramma (nonfeeding direct developer), given two subsidiary hypotheses. (1) If larval gut gene expression in H. tuberculata was co-opted from an ancestral adult expression pattern, then the gut expression pattern will remain in adult H. erythrogramma despite its direct development. (2) Genes expressed in the larval gut of H. tuberculata will not have a coordinated expression pattern in H. erythrogramma larvae due to loss of a functional gut. Five structural genes expressed in the invaginating archenteron of H. tuberculata during gastrulation exhibit substantially different expression pattern...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jul 8, 2010·Cell Stress & Chaperones·Roberta RussoValeria Matranga
Jan 15, 2008·Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences·Rudolf A Raff
Jan 20, 2010·Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences·Cesar Arenas-Mena
Apr 4, 2014·Genome Biology and Evolution·Jennifer A WygodaGregory A Wray
Jul 22, 2008·Evolution & Development·Andrew B Smith
Sep 10, 2013·Marine Environmental Research·Roberta RussoValeria Matranga

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