Cobalt induces oxidative stress in isolated liver mitochondria responsible for permeability transition and intrinsic apoptosis in hepatocyte primary cultures

The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology
Valentina BattagliaAntonio Toninello

Abstract

It is well established that cobalt mediates the occurrence of oxidative stress which contributes to cell toxicity and death. However, the mechanisms of these effects are not fully understood. This investigation aimed at establishing if cobalt acts as an inducer of mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis and at clarifying the mechanism of this process. Cobalt, in the ionized species Co(2+), is able to induce the phenomenon of mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) in rat liver mitochondria (RLM) with the opening of the transition pore. In fact, Co(2+) induces mitochondrial swelling, which is prevented by cyclosporin A and other typical MPT inhibitors such as Ca(2+) transport inhibitors and bongkrekic acid, as well as anti-oxidant agents. In parallel with mitochondrial swelling, Co(2+) also induces the collapse of electrical membrane potential. However in this case, cyclosporine A and the other MPT inhibitors (except ruthenium red and EGTA) only partially prevent DeltaPsi drop, suggesting that Co(2+) also has a proton leakage effect on the inner mitochondrial membrane. MPT induction is due to oxidative stress, as a result of generation by Co(2+) of the highly damaging hydroxyl radical, with the oxidation of sulfhydryl groups, gluta...Continue Reading

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