Cobalt release from inexpensive jewellery: has the use of cobalt replaced nickel following regulatory intervention?

Contact Dermatitis
Jacob Pontoppidan ThyssenJeanne Duus Johansen

Abstract

Before the introduction of the EU Nickel Directive, concern was raised that manufacturers of jewellery might turn from the use of nickel to cobalt following the regulatory intervention on nickel exposure. The aim was to study 354 consumer items using the cobalt spot test. Cobalt release was assessed to obtain a risk estimate of cobalt allergy and dermatitis in consumers who would wear the jewellery. The cobalt spot test was used to assess cobalt release from all items. Microstructural characterization was made using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Cobalt release was found in 4 (1.1%) of 354 items. All these had a dark appearance. SEM/EDS was performed on the four dark appearing items which showed tin-cobalt plating on these. This study showed that only a minority of inexpensive jewellery purchased in Denmark released cobalt when analysed with the cobalt spot test. As fashion trends fluctuate and we found cobalt release from dark appearing jewellery, cobalt release from consumer items should be monitored in the future. Industries may not be fully aware of the potential cobalt allergy problem.

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Citations

Jan 1, 2014·Pediatric Allergy, Immunology, and Pulmonology·Marcella AquinoLuz Fonacier
Jun 2, 2012·Dermatitis : Contact, Atopic, Occupational, Drug·Dathan HamannJacob P Thyssen
Jun 23, 2011·Contact Dermatitis·Jacob P ThyssenJeanne D Johansen
Oct 15, 2013·Contact Dermatitis·Jacob P ThyssenTorkil Menné
Apr 23, 2013·Contact Dermatitis·Evy Paulsen, Klaus E Andersen
Mar 12, 2011·Contact Dermatitis·Carsten HamannJacob P Thyssen
Oct 25, 2013·Contact Dermatitis·Seung Hyun CheongJi Yeon Byun
Jul 17, 2018·Contact Dermatitis·Jolinde KettelarijAnneli Julander
Apr 13, 2017·BioMed Research International·Kotryna LinauskienėAudra Blažienė
May 28, 2019·Contact Dermatitis·Farzad AlinaghiJeanne D Johansen
Feb 4, 2014·JBJS Reviews·Arif RazakCharalambos P Charalambous
Nov 30, 2019·Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders Drug Targets·Thea MagroneEmilio Jirillo
Jun 21, 2021·Contact Dermatitis·Michael WennervaldtJeanne D Johansen

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