Cognition in multiple sclerosis: relevance of lesions, brain atrophy and proton MR spectroscopy.

Neurological Sciences : Official Journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology
Antonio Giorgio, N De Stefano

Abstract

The overall burden of brain MRI-visible lesions does not fully account for cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis (MS). Several MRI studies have highlighted the importance of brain damage in the normal-appearing brain tissue. Brain atrophy (global, cortical, white and deep grey matter) is related to cognitive deficits in MS patients and this holds true since the earliest disease stages. Non-conventional MRI techniques such as proton MR spectroscopy have related metabolic changes in specific brain areas to specific cognitive deficits. Overall, data provided by MRI support the notion that cognitive disturbances need to be considered for a more complete clinical characterisation of patients with MS, including those with "benign" MS.

References

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Citations

Jun 1, 2011·Acta Neuropathologica·Richard ReynoldsOwain Howell
Nov 13, 2012·PloS One·Francesca RossiNicola De Stefano
Apr 23, 2013·Multiple Sclerosis International·Emilia SbardellaPatrizia Pantano
May 7, 2013·Journal of the Neurological Sciences·Maxim BesterMatilde Inglese
May 17, 2014·Neurodegenerative Disease Management·Vargas Gray, Peter Arnett
Sep 26, 2013·PM & R : the Journal of Injury, Function, and Rehabilitation·Daria A TrojanDouglas L Arnold
Aug 16, 2012·Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology·G R Wayne Moore, Cornelia Laule
Aug 8, 2014·Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology·Kyriaki MarkoullisKleopas A Kleopa
Jan 15, 2014·Medical Hypotheses·Mickael Bonnan
Nov 12, 2015·Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders·Georgios TsivgoulisUNKNOWN HELANI (Hellenic Academy of Neuroimmunology)
Aug 8, 2015·The Neuroradiology Journal·Orlando GalegoEgídio Machado
Aug 28, 2014·Acta Neuropathologica Communications·Jae LeeSteven Petratos
Dec 25, 2019·Neurology. Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation·Peng SunAnne H Cross
Dec 19, 2020·Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders·Thomas BergerEva Kubala Havrdová
Jan 12, 2021·Frontiers in Human Neuroscience·Ayushe A SharmaJerzy P Szaflarski

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