Combination therapy with insulin and metformin.
Abstract
To review the clinical usefulness of combination therapy with insulin and metformin. Basic considerations about the use of insulin in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and the interaction of metformin with insulin are outlined. The clinical documentation of this therapeutic strategy is reviewed, with emphasis on controlled studies. In addition, the use of this drug combination in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is briefly addressed. Insulin is used in patients with NIDDM when adequate plasma glucose control can no longer be maintained by orally administered agents. Metformin ameliorates insulin resistance, reduces hyperinsulinemia, and counteracts weight gain. It exerts an insulin-sparing and antihyperglycemic effect and may improve cardiovascular risk factors. Although these effects have been demonstrated consistently in several controlled studies, relatively few patients have been treated with insulin + metformin (with or without sulfonylurea). The combination is well tolerated, commonly used, and approved in several countries. No specific guidelines have been established for selection of patients, but obese patients with NIDDM who are receiving high doses of insulin are likely to benefit. Patients wh...Continue Reading
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