Combined Effect of Midazolam and Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 for Differentiation Induction from C2C12 Myoblast Cells to Osteoblasts

Pharmaceutics
Yukihiko HidakaHiroshi Kawahara

Abstract

In drug repositioning research, a new concept in drug discovery and new therapeutic opportunities have been identified for existing drugs. Midazolam (MDZ) is an anesthetic inducer used for general anesthesia. Here, we demonstrate the combined effects of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and MDZ on osteogenic differentiation. An immortalized mouse myoblast cell line (C2C12 cell) was cultured in the combination of BMP-2 and MDZ (BMP-2+MDZ). The differentiation and signal transduction of C2C12 cells into osteoblasts were investigated at biological, immunohistochemical, and genetic cell levels. Mineralized nodules formed in C2C12 cells were characterized at the crystal engineering level. BMP-2+MDZ treatment decreased the myotube cell formation of C2C12 cells, and enhanced alkaline phosphatase activity and expression levels of osteoblastic differentiation marker genes. The precipitated nodules consisted of randomly oriented hydroxyapatite nanorods and nanoparticles. BMP-2+MDZ treatment reduced the immunostaining for both α1 and γ2 subunits antigens on the gamma-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptor in C2C12 cells, but enhanced that for BMP signal transducers. Our investigation showed that BMP-2+MDZ has a strong ability to ind...Continue Reading

References

Feb 1, 1969·The Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry : Official Journal of the Histochemistry Society·H PuchtlerM S Terry
Feb 1, 1997·Journal of Cellular Biochemistry·N JaiswalS P Bruder
Jan 23, 1999·Tissue Engineering·A M MackayM F Pittenger
Apr 2, 1999·Science·M F PittengerD R Marshak
Apr 21, 1999·Brain Research. Brain Research Reviews·A K Mehta, M K Ticku
Nov 14, 2001·Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders·J E Aubin
Jun 18, 2003·Cell·Yigong Shi, Joan Massagué
Apr 7, 2006·Journal of Bone and Mineral Research : the Official Journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research·Mattabhorn PhimphilaiRenny T Franceschi
Oct 13, 2006·Journal of Periodontology·Takatoshi NaganoMakoto Fukae
Jan 5, 2008·Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology·K T Olkkola, J Ahonen
Aug 16, 2008·The Journal of Biological Chemistry·Takuma MatsubaraToshiyuki Yoneda
Jun 23, 2010·Human Gene Therapy·Pierre Charbord
Jun 28, 2011·Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine·Markus F StevensSebastian Braun
Sep 7, 2013·Molecules and Cells·Siddhartha Kumar MishraHwan Mook Kim
Jan 21, 2015·Advances in Pharmacology·Werner Sieghart
Aug 28, 2015·International Journal of Molecular Medicine·Seong Yeon HwangNam Deuk Kim
Mar 2, 2017·Australian Prescriber·Rob Smith, Janis Brown
Feb 6, 2019·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Takeo KarakidaYasuo Yamakoshi

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Methods Mentioned

BETA
Assay
Polymerase Chain Reaction
PCR
X-ray
electron diffraction

Software Mentioned

Image J
Primer
BLAST

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.