Combined effects of diabetes and low household income on mortality: a 12-year follow-up study of 505 677 Korean adults

Diabetic Medicine : a Journal of the British Diabetic Association
W Y ShinH-J Chang

Abstract

To examine the effects of diabetes, low income and their combination on mortality in the Korean population. We analysed a total of 505 677 people (53.9% male) aged 40-79 years old from the National Health Insurance Service-National Health Screening (NHIS-HEALS) cohort. Ten levels of household income were used as indicators of economic status. Diabetes was defined as elevated fasting blood glucose (≥ 6.9 mmol/l) and/or use of glucose-lowering drugs or insulin. Covariates of age, sex, BMI, smoking and Charlson Comorbidity Index were determined at baseline. Outcomes were total and cause-specific mortality over 12 years. Cox's proportional hazard regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for mortality according to the presence of diabetes, household income and their combination. Lower household income was associated with higher mortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease, cancer and non-cancer non-cardiovascular causes. Excessive mortality due to low incomes was observed in both people with and without diabetes. In men, the adjusted HR [95% confidence interval (CI)] of mortality was 1.38 (1.34 to 1.42) for low-income only, 1.48 (1.42 to 1.55) for diabetes only and 1.95 (1.86 to 2.05) for diabetes and low-inc...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jul 25, 2019·Diabetes & Metabolism Journal·Bo Yeon KimKyong Soo Park
Dec 19, 2019·The Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing·Chi-Young Lee, Eun-Ok Im
Mar 25, 2021·Journal of Oral Pathology & Medicine : Official Publication of the International Association of Oral Pathologists and the American Academy of Oral Pathology·Hye Min ChoNam-Pyo Cho

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