Combined Spectroscopic Analysis of Beads from the Tombs of Kindoki, Lower Congo Province (Democratic Republic of the Congo)

Applied Spectroscopy
Anastasia RousakiL Moens

Abstract

Raman spectroscopy and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis are commonly applied to archaeological objects as a fast and nondestructive way to characterize the materials. Here, micro-Raman spectroscopy and chemometrics on handheld XRF results were used to completely characterize beads found during archaeological excavations in the Congo. Metallic objects, organogenic materials, and glass beads were studied. Special attention was paid to the glassy materials, as they seem to be of European production. The matrix family and crystalline phases assemblage, as well as the results from principal components analysis on the elemental data, were used to define groups of beads of similar composition, and therefore probably of similar origin. This research project establishes the feasibility of this approach to archaeological glasses, and can be used to confirm and support the bead typologies used by archaeologists.

References

Mar 11, 2003·The Analyst·Peter Vandenabeele, Luc Moens
Aug 12, 2003·Spectrochimica Acta. Part A, Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy·Robert WithnallLuiz F C de Oliveira
Aug 12, 2003·Spectrochimica Acta. Part A, Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy·M Bouchard, D C Smith
Jul 21, 2005·Spectrochimica Acta. Part A, Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy·Howell G M EdwardsTasnim Munshi
Aug 29, 2007·Analytica Chimica Acta·Christina PapachristodoulouKonstantina Gravani
Sep 11, 2012·Journal of Biophotonics·I A KarampasC G Kontoyannis
Jul 24, 2013·Spectrochimica Acta. Part A, Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy·C DefeytP Vandenabeele

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
X-ray
Raman spectroscopy
PCA
Raman

Software Mentioned

SPSS Statistics
AXIL
microxrf2
SPSS
Excel

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