Abstract
Copper (Cu) is one of the most common metal contaminants, and albendazole (ABZ) is a veterinary drug with a high efficacy against helminthes. It is believed that the two may co-exist in soil. In this study, the combined subacute toxicity of Cu exposure (0, 80, 120, 160 mg kg(-1)) and ABZ exposure (0, 3, 9 mg kg(-1)) in earthworms (Eisenia fetida) were observed using three approaches, namely chronic growth and reproduction, antioxidant enzyme activity, and earthworm Cu residue. The results have shown that the toxicity of Cu on cocoon hatching success and biomass was alleviated by presence of low concentrations of ABZ (3 mg kg(-1)) during a 56-day exposure period. However, the sensitivity of the earthworms' reproduction to Cu increased with the presence of high concentrations of ABZ (9 mg kg(-1)), indicating a reduction beginning at a Cu concentration of 80 mg kg(-1), in the cocoon number, hatching success, and biomass. In addition, the three enzyme activities exhibited different responsive patterns, indicating inducement in the catalase and glutathione peroxidase, and inhibition in the superoxide dismutase, which were dependent on the exposure times and concentrations. In regard to the earthworm Cu residue, when increasing Cu ex...Continue Reading
References
May 7, 1976·Analytical Biochemistry·M M Bradford
Sep 1, 1990·Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics·Q A McKellar, E W Scott
Feb 1, 1997·Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety·C Svendsen, J M Weeks
Dec 5, 1998·Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology·N Nagalakshmi, M N Prasad
May 12, 2000·Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety·B HellingA J Reinecke
Sep 15, 2001·Ecotoxicology·K Lock, C R Janssen
Jun 8, 2002·Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety·K Lock, C R Janssen
Jul 27, 2002·Biomarkers : Biochemical Indicators of Exposure, Response, and Susceptibility to Chemicals·Florence GeretMaria João Bebianno
Mar 27, 2003·Chemosphere·John JensenLine E Sverdrup
Dec 9, 2003·Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety·D J SpurgeonJ M Weeks
Mar 17, 2004·International Journal of Pharmaceutics·K Daniel-MwambeteJ J Torrado
Jan 1, 1994·Environmental Pollution·D J SpurgeonD T Jones
Jan 1, 1988·Environmental Pollution·J E Morgan, A J Morgan
Jun 16, 2004·Environment International·Piotr ŁaszczycaIlona Witas
Nov 3, 2004·Chemosphere·P J BrownP K Hankard
May 10, 2005·Environmental Pollution·Martin T K TsuiL M Chu
Mar 3, 2006·Aquatic Toxicology·Carlos BarataM C Riva
Feb 13, 2007·Chemosphere·John JensenJaneck J Scott-fordsmand
Apr 17, 2007·Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. Toxicology & Pharmacology : CBP·S DemuynckA Leprêtre
Apr 21, 2007·Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety·Yuhong GaoWanyu Shi
Oct 20, 2007·Environmental Pollution·Baohong ZhangTodd A Anderson
Feb 15, 2008·Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry·Nina CedergreenHelle Sørensen
Oct 3, 2008·Chemosphere·Yann BerthelotPierre Yves Robidoux
Oct 7, 2008·Chemosphere·Yaning LiYi Luo
Feb 19, 2009·Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety·Sebastián E SabatiniMaría del Carmen Ríos de Molina
May 27, 2009·Parasitology Research·H A ShalabyA A Derbala
Jun 29, 2010·Chemosphere·Miguel J G SantosSusana Loureiro
Jun 30, 2010·Environmental Science & Technology·Martina G VijverGeert R De Snoo
Sep 8, 2010·Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry·Susana LoureiroAmadeu M V M Soares
Sep 10, 2010·Chemosphere·Dasong LinYao Liu
Feb 22, 2012·Chemosphere·Shijin WuJianmeng Chen
Mar 14, 2012·Journal of Hazardous Materials·Vijaykumar L MarkadVikram S Ghole
Oct 16, 2012·Environmental Pollution·Tanja MüllerMichael Matthies
Dec 22, 2012·Environmental Pollution·Dongmei XuWeiping Liu
Jan 8, 2013·Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety·Yuhong GaoZhenjun Sun
Apr 4, 2013·Environmental Science & Technology·Hao QiuWillie J G M Peijnenburg
Jun 5, 2013·Environmental Pollution·Chui-Fan ZhouDong-Mei Zhou
Nov 7, 2013·Ecotoxicology·Hao QiuMartina G Vijver
Jan 1, 2014·Chemosphere·Chen ChenYongzhong Qian
Dec 3, 2014·Chemosphere·Yuhong GaoZhenjun Sun