Combining sonicated cold development and pulsed electrodeposition for high aspect ratio sub-10 nm gap gold dimers for sensing applications in the visible spectrum

Nanoscale
Aaron David MuellerDao Hua Zhang

Abstract

Strong interactions between localized surface plasmons and nanoscale objects have led to the development of highly sensitive biochemical sensing in planar metallic nanostructures with sensing performance mainly dependent on the interaction volume and the local electric field. However, the sensitivity and the interaction volume of these planar structures have been limited by the achievable aspect ratios based on the standard lift-off process. We propose a new technique which involves cold sonicated development and pulsed electrodeposition to overcome this limitation, and demonstrate robust gold square dimers with sub-10 nm gaps and a gap aspect ratio of ∼8. We show that smooth gold surfaces can be achieved by growing the gold film directly on a transparent ITO substrate without a gold seed layer, and demonstrate a significant improvement in Q factors and resonance contrast in electrodeposited dimers compared to dimers fabricated by physical vapor deposition. We demonstrate that the electrodeposited dimers exhibit near 50% higher bulk refractive index sensitivity than their planar counterparts. The technique may be used to grow a variety of metals of arbitrary geometries and spatial arrangements.

References

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Oct 13, 2009·Nature Materials·A V KabashinA V Zayats
Nov 17, 2009·Journal of the American Chemical Society·Alasdair W ClarkJonathan M Cooper
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Jun 8, 2012·Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, Image Science, and Vision·Sergiy J ZalyubovskiyRadislav A Potyrailo
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Aug 10, 2017·Scientific Reports·Landobasa Y M TobingDao-Hua Zhang

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
surface plasmon resonance
electron beam lithography
biosensing

Software Mentioned

MATLAB
SCPI
Inkscape
Cytoviva

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