Common and unusual diseases of the nipple-areolar complex

Radiographics : a Review Publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc
Darlene Da CostaLisa E Esserman

Abstract

The nipple-areolar complex is often best evaluated as a separate region of the breast. Because of the intricacy of the anatomic structures and their superficial position, the diagnostic techniques required for optimal evaluation of the nipple-areolar complex differ from those routinely used to evaluate the whole breast. Although clinical examination and screening mammography are still of central importance, the adjunct use of multiple imaging modalities (ultrasonography, contrast material-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging, or both) as well as nonstandard mammographic views is often necessary to differentiate benign abnormalities from malignant ones. For accurate diagnosis, familiarity with a wide range of appearances of the normal anatomy, including congenital anomalies (eg, supernumerary nipples), is necessary, as is a thorough knowledge of the features of the benign and malignant processes that commonly occur in the nipple-areolar complex. Benign abnormalities may include mammary duct ectasia, nipple calcifications, cutaneous horn of the nipple, abscess of the Montgomery gland, and nipple adenoma. Malignant abnormalities may include Paget disease and primary lymphoma as well as carcinoma of the breast. Some conditions, such...Continue Reading

References

May 1, 1979·AJR. American Journal of Roentgenology·J E MartinJ R Milbrath
Mar 1, 1977·AJR. American Journal of Roentgenology·S A FeigJ D Wallace
May 1, 1991·The British Journal of Dermatology·R C YuT W Stewart
Aug 1, 1985·Journal of Surgical Oncology·K Dabski, H L Stoll
Apr 1, 1987·Annals of Plastic Surgery·A YanaiK Okabe
Sep 1, 1970·Cancer·R AshikariJ A Urban
Apr 1, 1995·Journal of Cutaneous Pathology·C M Thornton, S J Hunt
Dec 1, 1993·Radiology·J S MitnickD F Roses
Oct 1, 1993·Radiology·D M IkedaI T Andersson
Jul 1, 1997·Radiology·P T HuynhM Maxin
Dec 10, 1997·Clinical Radiology·E P FriedmanA Schneidau
Jan 10, 1998·AJR. American Journal of Roentgenology·C L KalbhenM E Flisak
Nov 20, 1998·Radiographics : a Review Publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc·E T BurkeL L Cooper
Dec 3, 1999·Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine·M TopalovskiJ C Mattson
Jun 9, 2000·The British Journal of Radiology·A P StefanoyiannisG Panayiotakis
Jun 20, 2000·Acta Oncologica·I BariştaD Firat
Jan 30, 2002·Cancer·Susan M DomchekGeorge P Canellos
Jan 22, 2003·European Journal of Radiology·Antonis P StefanoyiannisGeorge Panayiotakis
Jul 9, 2003·The Breast Journal·Clara Elizabeth HealyJames Murphy
Mar 7, 2006·Breast Cancer : the Journal of the Japanese Breast Cancer Society·Yuko KijimaTakashi Aikou

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Oct 20, 2009·Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics·Hyeon Sook KimYoung Jin Seo
Jul 26, 2013·AJR. American Journal of Roentgenology·Ji Yoon MoonDae Young Seo
Nov 9, 2010·Radiographics : a Review Publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc·María Cristina Hernández RodríguezJesús Martín Angulo
Apr 23, 2013·Case Reports in Radiology·Eleonora GaspariGiovanni Simonetti
Jan 24, 2014·AJR. American Journal of Roentgenology·Claudia J KasalesSerene Shereef
Oct 18, 2011·Journal de radiologie·D GeffroyM Ricaud-Couprie
May 14, 2014·Radiographics : a Review Publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc·Nathaniel E MargolisAmy N Melsaether
Jul 13, 2012·Radiographics : a Review Publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc·Diana M Ferris-JamesPriscilla J Slanetz
Nov 16, 2011·Radiographics : a Review Publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc·Hyo Soon LimHeoung Keun Kang
Mar 28, 2009·Radiographics : a Review Publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc·Brandi T NicholsonMichael A Cohen
Nov 4, 2015·Journal de gynécologie, obstétrique et biologie de la reproduction·L Boulanger, J Demetz
Jul 6, 2015·Insights Into Imaging·Smiti SripathiAron Sraj
Jan 1, 2012·Acta Radiologica Short Reports·Hyung Ji ChoAh Won Lee
Jan 4, 2017·Cancers·Romuald FerréBenoit Mesurolle
Apr 9, 2017·Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging·R FerreB Mesurolle
Mar 2, 2016·Radiologia brasileira·Marcelo Menezes MedeirosRafael Yoshitake
Mar 13, 2018·Radiographics : a Review Publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc·Cedric W Pluguez-TurullNella C Dornbluth
Jul 27, 2010·Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography·Ozgur SaricaEnis Ozturk
Aug 6, 2015·Annals of Surgical Oncology·Kimberly Stone, Amanda Wheeler
Mar 22, 2014·Journal of Clinical Ultrasound : JCU·Shaza AlSharifBenoît Mesurolle
Apr 14, 2020·Medicine·Siman CaiYuxin Jiang
May 26, 2010·Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine : Official Journal of the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine·Hee Yeon AnHak Hee Kim
Jan 9, 2018·Radiologia brasileira·Ivie Braga de Paula, Adriene Moraes Campos
May 5, 2020·Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics·Claudia Jäggi-WickesRosanna Zanetti-Dällenbach
Jul 18, 2020·Korean Journal of Radiology : Official Journal of the Korean Radiological Society·Angelica ChioreanMagdalena Duma
Aug 7, 2020·Insights Into Imaging·Javier Del RiegoAmaya Martín
Dec 7, 2011·Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Oncology·James Han-Su SeowElizabeth Wylie
Aug 22, 2008·Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine : Official Journal of the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine·Ae Kyung JeongJong Hwa Lee
Jun 17, 2014·Oncology Letters·Maurizio DI BonitoGerardo Botti
Oct 21, 2020·Clinical Radiology·D LyonsM C Mahoney
Feb 6, 2021·The British Journal of Radiology·Naziya SamreenSamantha L Heller
Jun 13, 2020·Korean Journal of Radiology : Official Journal of the Korean Radiological Society·Angelica ChioreanMagdalena Duma

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.

Related Papers

Radiographics : a Review Publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc
Brandi T NicholsonMichael A Cohen
The American Journal of Surgical Pathology
P P Rosen
The Breast : Official Journal of the European Society of Mastology
J KuI C Bennett
© 2021 Meta ULC. All rights reserved