Community gender systems and a daughter's risk of female genital mutilation/cutting: Multilevel findings from Egypt

PloS One
Kathryn M YountSarah R Hayford

Abstract

We tested a feminist social-ecological model to understand community influences on daughters' experience of female genital mutilation/cutting (FGMC) in Egypt, where over 90% of women ages 15-49 are cut. FGMC has potential adverse effects on demographic and health outcomes and has been defined as a human-rights violation. However, an integrated multilevel-level framework is lacking. We theorized that a more favorable community-level gender system, including stronger gender norms opposing FGMC and expanded extra-familial opportunities for women in the village or neighborhood, would be associated with a daughter's lower risk of FGMC and would strengthen the negative association of a mother's opposition to FGMC with her daughter's risk of cutting. Using a national sample of 14,171 mother-daughter dyads from the 2014 Egypt Demographic and Health Survey, we estimated multilevel discrete-time hazard models to test these relationships. Community gender norms opposing FGMC had significant direct, negative associations with the hazard that a daughter was cut, but women's opportunities outside the family did not. Maternal opposition to FGMC was negatively associated with cutting a daughter, and these associations were stronger where commu...Continue Reading

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Citations

May 28, 2020·International Journal of Impotence Research·Brian D Earp, Sara Johnsdotter
Jul 25, 2020·BMC International Health and Human Rights·Edward Kwabena AmeyawAisha Sena-Iddrisu

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