Community Social Capital, Built Environment, and Income-Based Inequality in Depressive Symptoms Among Older People in Japan: An Ecological Study From the JAGES Project

Journal of Epidemiology
Maho HasedaKatsunori Kondo

Abstract

Although reducing socioeconomic inequalities in depression is necessary, their associated factors have rarely been studied. This study aimed to screen the potential contextual factors associated with income-based inequality in older adults' depression. Using data from the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study (JAGES) of 2013, we conducted an ecological study covering 77 communities in Japan. Our measures of socioeconomic inequalities in depression were the slope index of inequalities (SII) and the relative index of inequalities (RII) of the prevalence of depressive symptoms across three income levels. We categorized available community-level factors, including socio-demographic factors, social participation, social relationships, subjective changes in the residential area, and the built environment. These indicators were aggregated from individual responses of 51,962 and 52,958 physically independent men and women, respectively, aged 65 years or more. We performed multiple linear regression analyses to explore factors with statistical significance of a two-tailed P-value less than 0.05. Factors associated with shallower gradients in depression for men included higher participation in local activities and reception or provision ...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jul 11, 2019·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·Seungwon JeongToshiyuki Ojima
Oct 28, 2019·Geriatrics & Gerontology International·Tomoko YamashitaYoshimasa Takase
May 21, 2020·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·Zhenhua ZhengYe Yang
Jun 12, 2019·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·Ryota WatanabeTokunori Takeda
Feb 27, 2020·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·Michiko WatanabeReiko Saito
Jan 14, 2021·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·Megumi NishidaKatsunori Kondo
Aug 8, 2021·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·Liqin Zhang, Lin Wu
Feb 2, 2022·Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology·Aki YazawaIchiro Kawachi

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Software Mentioned

JAGES Health Equity and Response Tool ( JAGES HEART )
Stata
Health Disparity Calculator
JAGES

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