Abstract
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is predominantly a diagnosis of childhood and adolescence but has also been recognized in adults. It is associated with high rates of comorbid psychiatric conditions, particularly substance use disorders (SUD). A review of the literature was conducted with a focus on ADHD, SUD, their comorbidity, and treatment considerations. Literature suggests that the use of methylphenidate (MPH) in children does not increase SUD later in life, and may in fact reduce substance use and abuse in adolescence and adulthood. Concurrent treatment of ADHD-SUD, which may be supported theoretically, has yielded inconsistent data on clinical trials. While MPH use in adults with ADHDSUD may be effective in alleviating ADHD symptoms, the benefits on SUD are not clear and remain controversial. Studies suggest that adults with comorbid ADHD-SUD do not misuse or divert their medication, but MPH does not consistently improve substance use. However, data are lacking for substances other than cocaine and stimulants other than MPH. While the risk of stimulant abuse should not be ignored, it may be minimized by selecting medications that are not readily crushed and solubilized for parenteral administration, or by ...Continue Reading
Citations
May 8, 2002·Pediatric Clinics of North America·Deborah R Simkin
Jul 21, 1998·Journal of Affective Disorders·G A CarlsonL Jandorf
Jul 27, 2001·Drug and Alcohol Dependence·H B Moss, K G Lynch
Jun 18, 1999·Drug and Alcohol Dependence·P D RiggsT J Crowley
Aug 15, 2014·CNS Drugs·Martin A Katzman, Tia Sternat
Oct 9, 2014·Postgraduate Medicine·Alice R Mao, Robert L Findling
Apr 10, 2016·Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders·B Bihlar MuldT Hirvikoski
Mar 26, 2013·Current Opinion in Neurobiology·Karen D ErscheEdward T Bullmore
Feb 25, 2014·Psychiatry Research·Thegna MavroconstantiJan Haavik
May 13, 2015·Psychiatry Research·Ercan DalbudakMerve Topcu
Dec 11, 2014·Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment·Berit Bihlar MuldTatja Hirvikoski
Jul 13, 2014·Comprehensive Psychiatry·Cuneyt EvrenGokhan Umut
Jul 6, 2016·BMC Psychiatry·Michael LiebrenzDominique Eich
Jul 12, 2016·European Neuropsychopharmacology : the Journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology·Jodi L LukkesSusan L Andersen
Dec 5, 2018·Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy·Giulio PerugiIcro Maremmani
Aug 24, 2017·BMC Psychiatry·Martin A KatzmanLarry J Klassen
Jul 18, 2019·MMW Fortschritte der Medizin·Kristina AdorjanOliver Pogarell
Mar 9, 2017·Harvard Review of Psychiatry·Pieter-Jan Carpentier, Frances R Levin
Jul 28, 2015·F1000Research·Michael LiebrenzDominique Eich
May 21, 2020·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·Vincenza SperaIcro Maremmani
Oct 18, 2019·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·Corrado ManniIcro Maremmani
Nov 27, 2020·Journal of Clinical Medicine·Giada CipolloneIcro Maremmani
Jun 3, 2021·Medicina·Virginio SalviUmberto Volpe
Jun 30, 2021·Annals of Epidemiology·Nichole L NideyKelli Ryckman
Nov 18, 2020·Journal of Psychiatric Research·F OlivaF D Vigna-Taglianti