Comparative In Vitro and In Vivo Analysis of H1N1 and H1N2 Variant Influenza Viruses Isolated from Humans between 2011 and 2016

Journal of Virology
Joanna A Pulit-PenalozaTaronna R Maines

Abstract

Influenza A virus pandemics are rare events caused by novel viruses which have the ability to spread in susceptible human populations. With respect to H1 subtype viruses, swine H1N1 and H1N2 viruses occasionally cross the species barrier to cause human infection. Recently isolated from humans (termed variants), swine viruses were shown to display great genetic and antigenic diversity, hence posing considerable public health risk. Here, we utilized in vitro and in vivo approaches to provide characterization of H1 subtype variant viruses isolated since the 2009 pandemic and discuss the findings in context with previously studied H1 subtype human isolates. The variant viruses were well adapted to replicate in the human respiratory cell line Calu-3 and the respiratory tracts of mice and ferrets. However, with respect to hemagglutinin (HA) activation pH, the variant viruses had fusion pH thresholds closer to that of most classical swine and triple-reassortant H1 isolates rather than viruses that had adapted to humans. Consistent with previous observations for swine isolates, the tested variant viruses were capable of efficient transmission between cohoused ferrets but could transmit via respiratory droplets to differing degrees. Ove...Continue Reading

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Citations

Mar 17, 2019·Applied and Environmental Microbiology·Joanna A Pulit-PenalozaTaronna R Maines
Mar 2, 2019·Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease·Joanna A Pulit-PenalozaTaronna R Maines

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