Abstract
Using bioinformatics approach, the genome locus containing interleukin (IL)-22, IL-26, and interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) genes has been identified in the amphibian, Xenopus tropicalis. Like that in other vertebrates such as fish, birds, and mammals, the Xenopus IL-22, IL-26, and IFN-gamma are clustered in the same chromosome and the adjacent genes are conserved. The genomic structures of the Xenopus IL-22, IL-26, and IFN-gamma gene were identical to that of their mammalian counterparts. The Xenopus IL-22 and IL-26 genes contained five exons and four introns while the Xenopus IFN-gamma gene consisted of four exons and three introns. The Xenopus IL-22, IL-26, and IFN-gamma share 14.1-41.6%, 14.6-31.2%, and 23.7-36.5% identity to their counterparts in other species, respectively. Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and real-time quantitative PCR analyses revealed that the expression of IL-22, IL-26, and IFN-gamma genes was significantly upregulated after simulation with bacterial polyliposaccharide and/or synthetic double-stranded poly(I:C), suggesting these cytokines like those in other vertebrates play an important role in regulating immune response in Xenopus.
References
Jan 1, 1995·Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics·D B ZimonjicN C Popescu
Nov 11, 1994·Nucleic Acids Research·J D ThompsonT J Gibson
Nov 1, 1993·The Journal of Experimental Medicine·L PenixC B Wilson
Jan 1, 1996·Nucleic Acids Research·E WingenderR Knüppel
Aug 1, 1996·Journal of Interferon & Cytokine Research : the Official Journal of the International Society for Interferon and Cytokine Research·H A Young
May 16, 1997·Cell·W Zheng, R A Flavell
Mar 25, 1998·Gene·P KaiserL Rothwell
Dec 29, 1998·The Journal of Biological Chemistry·P S SubramaniamH M Johnson
Feb 5, 2000·The Journal of Immunology : Official Journal of the American Association of Immunologists·L DumoutierJ C Renauld
Mar 23, 2000·Journal of Virology·A KnappeH Fickenscher
Apr 13, 2000·Cell·S J SzaboL H Glimcher
Jul 6, 2000·The Journal of Biological Chemistry·M H XieA L Gurney
Aug 24, 2000·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·L DumoutierJ C Renauld
Mar 23, 2001·Nature Immunology·D P HarrisF E Lund
Feb 13, 2001·Cell·H BlumbergY A Chandrasekher
Feb 24, 2001·Genes and Immunity·G GallagherS V Kotenko
Feb 24, 2001·Genes and Immunity·L DumoutierJ C Renauld
Mar 13, 2001·Annual Review of Immunology·K W MooreA O'Garra
Sep 28, 2001·Trends in Immunology·D M FruchtS Koyasu
Dec 26, 2001·Nucleic Acids Research·Laurent FalquetAmos Bairoch
Apr 4, 2002·Trends in Immunology·Helmut FickenscherHeinrich Sticht
May 23, 2002·The Journal of Immunology : Official Journal of the American Association of Immunologists·Kerstin WolkRobert Sabat
Jul 8, 2003·Immunogenetics·Jun ZouChris J Secombes
Jul 19, 2003·BMC Genomics·Georges LutfallaDanièle Monneron
Oct 4, 2003·Journal of Leukocyte Biology·Kate SchroderDavid A Hume
Mar 23, 2004·Annual Review of Immunology·Sidney PestkaPaul B Fisher
Apr 6, 2004·Developmental and Comparative Immunology·Ursula SchultzPeter Staeheli
May 4, 2004·International Immunopharmacology·Helmut Fickenscher, Heide Pirzer
Jun 30, 2004·Journal of Molecular Biology·Jannick Dyrløv BendtsenSøren Brunak
Jul 21, 2004·Briefings in Bioinformatics·Sudhir KumarMasatoshi Nei
Aug 6, 2004·The Journal of Immunology : Official Journal of the American Association of Immunologists·Lisa RothwellPete Kaiser
Aug 18, 2004·Fish & Shellfish Immunology·Jun ZouChris Secombes
Jul 12, 2005·Molecular Immunology·Daisuke IgawaRam Savan
Aug 6, 2005·The Journal of Immunology : Official Journal of the American Association of Immunologists·Jun ZouChris Secombes
Feb 10, 2006·Immunogenetics·Ivanka Milev-MilovanovicV G Chinchar
Sep 20, 2006·The Journal of Experimental Medicine·Spencer C LiangLynette A Fouser
Dec 26, 2006·Nature·Yan ZhengWenjun Ouyang
Mar 28, 2007·Scandinavian Journal of Immunology·A KutluE Bozkanat
Jun 5, 2007·Nature Immunology·Jamie R SchoenbornChristopher B Wilson
Apr 11, 2008·Immunity·Mandy J McGeachy, Daniel J Cua
Nov 28, 2008·Nurse Education in Practice·Karen Holland
Jun 1, 2003·Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology·Michael D ColemanDaniel L Rathbone
Citations
Mar 11, 2011·Journal of Virology·James K Jancovich, Bertram L Jacobs
Aug 12, 2014·Molecular Immunology·Zhitao QiQian Gao
Apr 24, 2009·Genes and Immunity·F Levi-AcobasF Bonhomme
May 25, 2012·Genes and Immunity·P L CollinsT M Aune
Apr 26, 2011·Cytokine·Milena M MonteChris J Secombes
Oct 16, 2010·Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews·Raymond P DonnellyMark R Walter
Oct 6, 2009·Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology·W Q ChenP Nie
Dec 23, 2008·Fish & Shellfish Immunology·Clemens FurnesBørre Robertsen
Mar 3, 2009·Developmental Dynamics : an Official Publication of the American Association of Anatomists·Jacques Robert, Yuko Ohta
Apr 12, 2016·Developmental and Comparative Immunology·Shan Nan ChenPin Nie
Jul 24, 2012·Virology·Francisco De Jesús AndinoJacques Robert
Nov 19, 2013·Developmental and Comparative Immunology·Jian Ping FuPin Nie
Jul 16, 2013·Developmental and Comparative Immunology·Shan Nan ChenP Nie
Mar 11, 2015·DNA and Cell Biology·Banikalyan SwainMrinal Samanta
Mar 8, 2011·The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology·Mübeccel AkdisCezmi A Akdis
Feb 16, 2016·Immunology·Mario Riera RomoCamila Castillo Ferrer
Mar 12, 2015·Journal of Immunology Research·Zhitao QiQian Gao
Oct 19, 2016·Animal Science Journal = Nihon Chikusan Gakkaihō·Jinhua SunLiangmei Xu
May 13, 2017·Fish & Shellfish Immunology·Xingyang QiuXinyan Wang
Apr 21, 2017·Frontiers in Microbiology·Francis Cheng-Hsuan WengDaryi Wang
Feb 19, 2019·Frontiers in Physiology·Dionysia DimitrakopoulouKris Vleminckx
Jun 24, 2017·Journal of Leukocyte Biology·Syed F Hassnain WaqasTamás Röszer
Dec 10, 2020·Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews·Karlhans Fru CheAnders Lindén
May 22, 2021·Journal of Experimental Zoology. Part A, Ecological and Integrative Physiology·Braz Titon JuniorFernando Ribeiro Gomes
Jul 10, 2021·Cytokine·Nataša Todorović-Raković, Jonathan R Whitfield
Aug 4, 2020·Developmental and Comparative Immunology·Yue Cong YangP Nie