Abstract
Propolis is a resin that honey bees (Apis mellifera) produce by mixing wax, exudates collected from tree shoots, pollen, and enzymes. It has been used for its biological properties against pathogenic microorganisms including those of viral origin. In the present study, we demonstrate the antiviral effect of Mexican propolis, as well as of the three commercial flavonoids (quercetin, naringenin, and pinocembrin) present in its composition, in cell cultures infected with Canine Distemper Virus. The treatments were carried out with propolis, flavonoids individually, and a mixture of the three flavonoids at three different times. Antiviral activity was evaluated by the inhibition of the relative expression of the virus nucleoprotein gene (Real-Time qPCR) and by the determination of cellular viability (MTT assay). Propolis applied before infection decreased viral expression (0.72 versus 1.0, 1.65, and 1.75 relative expressions) and correlated with increased cell viability (0.314 versus 0.215, 0.259, and 0.237 absorbance units (AU)). The administration of a flavonoid mixture containing the three commercial flavonoids before infection induces a slight decrease in viral expression (0.93 versus 1, 1.42, and 1.82 relative expressions); ho...Continue Reading
References
Mar 1, 1991·Journal of Ethnopharmacology·M Del Rayo CamachoR Mata
Dec 16, 1983·Journal of Immunological Methods·T Mosmann
Dec 1, 1995·Food and Chemical Toxicology : an International Journal Published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association·J V Formica, W Regelson
Jun 26, 1998·Free Radical Biology & Medicine·A C SantosC Curti
Jun 11, 1999·Journal of Ethnopharmacology·A KujumgievS Popov
Feb 16, 2002·Methods : a Companion to Methods in Enzymology·K J Livak, T D Schmittgen
Jun 18, 2002·Zeitschrift Für Naturforschung. C, a Journal of Biosciences·Faten K Abd El Hady, Ahmed G Hegazi
Dec 24, 2002·Fitoterapia·Stefano Castaldo, Francesco Capasso
Dec 24, 2002·Fitoterapia·A RussoA Vanella
Jan 10, 2003·Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin·Adriana ParedesMorella Rodríguez-Ortega
Feb 6, 2003·European Journal of Pharmacology·Araceli SalaJosé Luis Rosí
Feb 20, 2003·Brain Research·Hyang Dok-GoJungsook Cho
Aug 21, 2003·Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. Toxicology & Pharmacology : CBP·Mahmood VessalMohammad Vasei
Oct 7, 2003·Pharmacological Research : the Official Journal of the Italian Pharmacological Society·Alejandra Ester RotelliLilian Eugenia Pelzer
Jan 22, 2004·Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry·Lihu YaoKatherine Raymont
Jul 28, 2005·Journal of Ethnopharmacology·Genya GekkerPhillip K Peterson
Dec 15, 2005·Archives of Pharmacal Research·Su-Yun LyuWon-Bong Park
Apr 20, 2006·Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis·A M Gómez-CaravacaA Fernández-Gutiérrez
Nov 7, 2006·Vaccine·Geferson FischerTelmo Vidor
Apr 10, 2008·Phytotherapy Research : PTR·Anup KaleSwati Kotwal
May 23, 2008·Brain Research·Rui LiuGuan-Hua Du
Oct 21, 2009·Microbiological Research·Didem Deliorman OrhanFatma Ergun
Jul 14, 2010·Phytotherapy Research : PTR·J C ChukwujekwuJ Van Staden
Sep 10, 2010·Antiviral Research·Yunjeong KimKyeong-Ok Chang
Dec 29, 2011·Virology Journal·Keivan ZandiSazaly Abubakar
Jun 19, 2012·International Journal of Biological Macromolecules·Ju YuanYi Wu
Jun 19, 2012·Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology·Godfrey Chi-Fung ChanDaniel Man-Yuen Sze
Jan 9, 2013·Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz·Lianet MonzotePaul Cos
May 15, 2013·Research in Veterinary Science·O V CarvalhoA Silva
May 28, 2013·Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine : ECAM·Andrzej K KuropatnickiWojciech Krol
Aug 10, 2013·Molecular Pharmaceutics·Amit K JainSanyog Jain
Aug 29, 2013·BioMed Research International·Azhar RasulXiaomeng Li
Jan 29, 2014·TheScientificWorldJournal·Shashank Kumar, Abhay K Pandey
Citations
Jun 9, 2020·Dermatologic Therapy·Dimitri BachevskiMaja Dimova
Aug 5, 2020·Molecules : a Journal of Synthetic Chemistry and Natural Product Chemistry·Magdalena Broda
Oct 18, 2020·Insects·Edward M HsiehAdam G Dolezal
Dec 31, 2020·Biomolecules·Vanessa Loaiza-CanoDamião Pergentino de Sousa
Jan 19, 2021·F1000Research·Bruno Silva AndradeVasco Ariston de Carvalho Azevedo
Apr 2, 2021·The Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology·Nicolas RipariJosé Maurício Sforcin
Apr 1, 2021·Arhiv za higijenu rada i toksikologiju·Mehmet ArslanEyyüp Rencüzoğulları
Jun 22, 2021·Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy·Manoj Kumar SarangiSitansu Sekhar Nanda
Jul 8, 2021·Chemistry & Biodiversity·Lucas A de L PaulaLizandra G Magalhães
Aug 28, 2021·Nutrients·Priyanshu BhargavaSunil C Kaul