Comparison of prostate specific antigen concentration versus prostate specific antigen density in the early detection of prostate cancer: receiver operating characteristic curves

The Journal of Urology
William J CatalonaPaula C Southwick

Abstract

We present the results of a prospective multicenter clinical trial of nearly 5,000 men in which prostate specific antigen (PSA) density was compared to the serum PSA concentration alone for early detection of prostate cancer. All men were evaluated with PSA and digital rectal examination. If PSA was elevated (greater than 4 ng./ml., Hybritech Tandem assay) or digital rectal examination was suspicious, transrectal ultrasound guided biopsies were recommended. Prostate volume was estimated by transrectal ultrasound measurements using a prolate ellipse volume calculation and PSA density was calculated by dividing serum PSA concentration by gland volume. Using a PSA density cutoff of 0.15 as recommended in the literature enhanced specificity but at the cost of missing half of the tumors. Of the organ confined neoplasms 47% were detected by a PSA of greater than 4.0 ng./ml. but they were missed by a PSA density of more than 0.15. PSA density may not be predictive for cancer because accurate estimation of transrectal ultrasound volume is difficult (r = 0.61 for estimated transrectal ultrasound volume versus pathological prostate weight). However, a relationship does exist among transrectal ultrasound volume, PSA and positive predictiv...Continue Reading

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