Comparison of relative distribution of ketamine and norketamine in decomposed skeletal tissues following single and repeated exposures

Journal of Analytical Toxicology
James H WattersonCaroline C Betit

Abstract

Bone was analyzed for ketamine and norketamine to examine whether different patterns of drug exposure could be discriminated. Rats received (intraperitoneally) one 75 mg/kg dose (Acute-1 and Acute-2 groups), three 25-mg/kg doses 1 hour apart (Repeated group), or nine single daily ketamine doses of 75 mg/kg followed by a 24-h washout period (Chronic group). Following euthanasia, all animals decomposed to skeleton outdoors. Ground samples of recovered bone underwent methanolic extraction and analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry after solid-phase extraction. Drug levels (mass normalized response ratios) were compared across bone types and exposure pattern. Bone type significantly influenced drug level for the Acute-1 and Repeated dose groups, and the drug/metabolite level ratio (DMLR) for the Acute-1 group. Mean ketamine and norketamine level and DMLR varied by up to 8-fold, 7-fold and 3-fold, respectively, in the Acute-1 group, and by up to 24-fold, 5-fold and 10-fold, respectively, in the Repeated group. Drug level and DMLR differed significantly between the Acute-1 and Repeated groups for most bone types. In the Chronic group, only 1/16 and 4/16 samples were positive for ketamine and norketamine, respectively. All A...Continue Reading

References

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Dec 14, 2011·Journal of Forensic Sciences·Nathalie A DesrosiersJohn F Wyman

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Citations

May 8, 2015·International Journal of Legal Medicine·Anic B Imfeld, James H Watterson
Jan 5, 2018·Journal of Analytical Toxicology·Malorie MellaSabra Botch-Jones
Jul 3, 2019·Molecules : a Journal of Synthetic Chemistry and Natural Product Chemistry·Lucia Fernandez-LopezRosanna Mancini
Feb 28, 2020·Journal of Analytical Toxicology·Katie M RubinTimothy J Garrett
May 27, 2020·Journal of Analytical Toxicology·Rosanna ManciniMaria Rotolo
Mar 1, 2018·Journal of Analytical Toxicology·Michiel VandenboschEva Cuypers
Dec 8, 2017·Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry : RCM·Malorie MellaClaude Mallet
Jan 3, 2021·International Journal of Legal Medicine·Gaia GiordanoDomenico Di Candia

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