Comparison of SAR calculation algorithms for the finite-difference time-domain method

Physics in Medicine and Biology
Ilkka LaaksoSami Ilvonen

Abstract

Finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations of specific-absorption rate (SAR) have several uncertainty factors. For example, significantly varying SAR values may result from the use of different algorithms for determining the SAR from the FDTD electric field. The objective of this paper is to rigorously study the divergence of SAR values due to different SAR calculation algorithms and to examine if some SAR calculation algorithm should be preferred over others. For this purpose, numerical FDTD results are compared to analytical solutions in a one-dimensional layered model and a three-dimensional spherical object. Additionally, the implications of SAR calculation algorithms for dosimetry of anatomically realistic whole-body models are studied. The results show that the trapezium algorithm-based on the trapezium integration rule-is always conservative compared to the analytic solution, making it a good choice for worst-case exposure assessment. In contrast, the mid-ordinate algorithm-named after the mid-ordinate integration rule-usually underestimates the analytic SAR. The linear algorithm-which is approximately a weighted average of the two-seems to be the most accurate choice overall, typically giving the best fit with the...Continue Reading

References

Aug 17, 2006·Physics in Medicine and Biology·Jianqing WangSoichi Watanabe
Nov 18, 2006·Physics in Medicine and Biology·R P Findlay, P J Dimbylow
Oct 2, 2008·Physics in Medicine and Biology·Peter J DimbylowTomoaki Nagaoka
Jan 15, 2009·Physics in Medicine and Biology·Sven KühnNiels Kuster
Jan 29, 2010·Physics in Medicine and Biology·T UusitupaK Nikoskinen

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Citations

Apr 25, 2013·Bioelectromagnetics·Serena FiocchiTheodoros Samaras
Jul 12, 2012·Magnetic Resonance in Medicine : Official Journal of the Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine·Frank H GeschewskiN Jon Shah
Jun 24, 2014·IEEE Transactions on Bio-medical Engineering·Serena FiocchiPaolo Ravazzani
Jul 10, 2013·Physics in Medicine and Biology·Kwok Hung ChanMasao Taki
Apr 18, 2012·Physics in Medicine and Biology·Ae-Kyoung Lee, Hyung-Do Choi
Aug 10, 2017·Physics in Medicine and Biology·Ilkka LaaksoAkimasa Hirata
Jul 18, 2012·Physics in Medicine and Biology·Ilkka LaaksoYoshitsugu Kamimura

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