Abstract
The bacteriological quality of tap water from municipal water supplies, 20-L bottles of mineral water from water dispensers and samples collected from new 20-L bottles of mineral water were comparatively studied. Total coliforms, termotolerant coliforms, Escherichia coli, fecal streptococci, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus spp. and heterotrophic plate count were enumerated. The results showed that 36.4% of the tap water samples from municipal water systems and 76.6% of the 20-L bottles of mineral water from water dispensers were contaminated by at least one coliform or indicator bacterium and/or at least one pathogenic bacterium. The bacteriological quality of municipal tap water is superior when compared with the 20-L bottles of mineral water collected from water dispensers and samples collected from new 20-L bottles of mineral water before installation in the dispensers. This highlights the need for an improved surveillance system for the bottled water industry. For the municipal water systems, it is recommended to perform the Pseudomonas enumeration periodically, in addition to the routine data collected by most systems.
References
Oct 1, 1992·The Journal of Applied Bacteriology·A Mavridou
Jan 1, 1992·Canadian Journal of Microbiology·D W WarburtonP J Laffey
Aug 1, 1990·International Journal of Food Microbiology·T BischofbergerW Schmidt-Lorenz
Apr 1, 1987·Canadian Journal of Microbiology·H Hernandez Duquino, F A Rosenberg
Jul 21, 1994·The New England Journal of Medicine·W R Mac KenzieJ B Rose
Aug 1, 1994·The Journal of Infectious Diseases·P RichardH Richet
May 1, 1993·The Journal of Hospital Infection·H J KolmosV T Rosdahl
Jul 1, 1997·Journal of Applied Microbiology·L M Tamagnini, R D González
Jul 22, 1997·International Journal of Food Microbiology·G J Tsai, S C Yu
Oct 13, 2005·International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health·Wolfgang KohnenBernd Jansen
Citations
Mar 20, 2010·Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz·UNKNOWN Kommission für Krankenhaushygiene und Infektionsprävention beim Robert Koch-Institut (RKI)
May 8, 2014·PLoS Medicine·Robert BainJamie Bartram
Dec 29, 2010·Indian Journal of Dental Research : Official Publication of Indian Society for Dental Research·H MythriV V Subba Reddy
Mar 6, 2012·Journal of Food Science·A T HerathN K B Adikaram
Jun 9, 2016·Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition·Narayan Dutt PantShyamal Kumar Bhattacharya
Oct 28, 2015·PloS One·Ashley R WilliamsJamie Bartram
Aug 3, 2018·The Open Microbiology Journal·Tesfaye L BedadaAlmaz G Biegna
Nov 27, 2015·Journal of Water and Health·Suma George MulamattathilMoses Mbewe
Apr 3, 2020·Environmental Monitoring and Assessment·Lucy SemerjianBakhita M Alkhateri
Feb 15, 2020·Water Research·Robbe GeertsSiegfried E Vlaeminck
Mar 12, 2021·Environmental Research·Elena TamburiniGiuseppe Castaldelli
Mar 18, 2021·Molecular Biology Reports·Siew Mun LiewKek Heng Chua
Apr 6, 2021·F1000Research·Safia Adam MohamedMusa Ngayo