Comparison of three-dimensional helical axes of the cervical spine between in vitro and in vivo testing

The Spine Journal : Official Journal of the North American Spine Society
René JonasHans-Joachim Wilke

Abstract

The range of motion is a well-accepted parameter for the assessment and evaluation of cervical motion. However, more qualitative data of the kinematics of the cervical spine are needed for the development and success of cervical disc arthroplasty. The aim of this study was to provide basic information about helical axes of human cervical spine under in vitro conditions. Furthermore, it should clarify whether the three-dimensional helical axes of cervical motion gained from in vitro experiments are in agreement with those gained from in vivo experiments, and therefore to prove its reliability. An in vitro test with pure moments and mono-segmental specimens was designed to investigate and compare the helical axes of the cervical spine. Six human cadaveric specimens (three male and three female) with an average age of 47.5 years (range: 34-58 years) were carefully selected. Each specimen was divided into three motion segments: C2-C3, C4-C5, and C6-C7. We performed 3.5 full cycles of rotation about all axes, flexion-extension, lateral bending, and axial rotation, by applying pure moments of 1.5 Nm without any preload. Following the in vitro tests, the three-dimensional helical axes were calculated and projected into the x-ray image...Continue Reading

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