Comparison of Toxicity-Weighted Disinfection Byproduct Concentrations in Potable Reuse Waters and Conventional Drinking Waters as a New Approach to Assessing the Quality of Advanced Treatment Train Waters

Environmental Science & Technology
Yi-Hsueh ChuangWilliam A Mitch

Abstract

Advanced treatment trains based on oxidation, biofiltration, and/or granular activated carbon (Ox/BAF/GAC) are an attractive alternative to those based on microfiltration, reverse osmosis, and advanced oxidation (MF/RO/AOP) for the potable reuse of municipal wastewater effluents, but their effluent quality is difficult to validate with respect to chemical contaminants. This study evaluated the sum of the concentrations of 46 disinfection byproducts (DBPs) after treatment by chlorine or chloramines weighted by metrics of toxic potency in 10 full- or pilot-scale reuse trains to estimate the DBP-associated toxicity of their effluents. These total toxicity-weighted DBP concentrations were compared to those measured in their local, conventional drinking waters as a benchmark for water quality receiving regulatory and widespread public acceptance. The results indicated that while the DBP-associated quality of MF/RO/AOP-based reuse waters can readily exceed that of drinking waters, that of Ox/BAF/GAC-based reuse waters can approach or exceed that of drinking waters, particularly when they are chloraminated. Unregulated, halogenated DBPs were the dominant contributors to the estimated DBP-associated toxicity. While RO/AOP treatment pre...Continue Reading

References

Jun 15, 2005·Environmental Science & Technology·I Marie Schreiber, William A Mitch
Mar 2, 2011·Journal of Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Statistics·Sharon D YeattsMichael J Plewa
Aug 5, 2017·Journal of Environmental Sciences (China)·Elizabeth D Wagner, Michael J Plewa
Dec 29, 2017·Environmental Science & Technology·Xing-Fang Li, William A Mitch

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Citations

Jul 25, 2020·Water Environment Research : a Research Publication of the Water Environment Federation·Haitham Elnakar
Jan 26, 2021·Environmental Science & Technology·Jong Kwon ChoeWilliam A Mitch
Apr 22, 2021·Environmental Science & Technology·Jiaming Lily ShiDaniel L McCurry
Jan 7, 2020·Environmental Science & Technology·Carsten PrasseDavid L Sedlak
Dec 31, 2019·Environmental Science & Technology·Kyriakos ManoliSiva Sarathy
Aug 25, 2020·Environmental Science & Technology·Emily L MarronDavid L Sedlak

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