Comparison of visual inspection and statistical analysis of single-subject data in rehabilitation research

American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation
C D Bobrovitz, K J Ottenbacher

Abstract

Single-subject designs are being advocated to conduct outcome research in rehabilitation environments. The methods provide an alternative to traditional designs based on statistical comparisons across groups. Data analysis in single subject research does not rely on statistical hypothesis testing of responses collected from a sample of subjects. Instead, visual inspection of patient responses graphed over time is the usual method of data analysis in single-subject research. This study examined the agreement between visual analysis and statistical tests of single-subject data for 42 hypothetical single-subject graphs. Specially constructed graphs allowed the systematic manipulation of different treatment effect sizes across a commonly used single-subject design. Thirty-two rehabilitation and health care providers rated each of the 42 graphs to determine whether a clinically significant treatment effect existed across the phases of the designs. Data analysis focused on two questions: (1) How much agreement was there between visual judgments and the results of statistical tests? and (2) What level of treatment effect was required to produce a finding of visual versus statistical significance? The agreement between visual analysis ...Continue Reading

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Citations

Apr 29, 2008·Clinical Rehabilitation·Susan CooteEmma Stokes
Apr 17, 2015·Behavior Modification·Jennifer NinciNan Zhang
Jul 20, 2018·Behavior Research Methods·Bart Michiels, Patrick Onghena
Mar 30, 2019·Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis·Andrea L B FordBreanne J Byiers
Jul 31, 2019·Advances in Physiology Education·Terence G Favero
Sep 3, 2010·Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis·SungWoo KahngKelli Girolami
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Apr 1, 2006·Physiotherapy Theory and Practice·Elisabet CederwallIngemar Fogdestam
Jan 25, 2020·Perspectives on Behavior Science·Sean LarawayBradley E Huitema
May 29, 2021·JMIR Formative Research·Gubing WangTischa Jm van der Cammen
Jun 3, 2021·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·Kengo IshiharaYasuyuki Nakamura
Mar 5, 2016·The American Journal of Occupational Therapy : Official Publication of the American Occupational Therapy Association·Louise GustafssonKylie Bower

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