Compartmentalization of Immune Response and Microbial Translocation in Decompensated Cirrhosis

Frontiers in Immunology
Camila Alvarez-SilvaJonel Trebicka

Abstract

Background: Acquired dysfunctional immunity in cirrhosis predisposes patients to frequent bacterial infections, especially spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP), leading to systemic inflammation that is associated with poor outcome. But systemic inflammation can also be found in the absence of a confirmed infection. Detection of bacterial DNA has been investigated as a marker of SBP and as a predictor of prognosis. Data is, however, contradictory. Here we investigated whether levels of IL-6 and IL-8 putatively produced by myeloid cells in ascites are associated with systemic inflammation and whether inflammation depends on the presence of specific bacterial DNA. Methods and Materials: We enrolled 33 patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis from whom we collected paired samples of blood and ascites. IL-6 and IL-8 were measured in serum samples of all patients using ELISA. In a subset of 10 representative patients, bacterial DNA was extracted from ascites and whole blood, followed by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Results: There were significantly higher levels of IL-6 in ascites fluid compared to blood samples in all patients. Interestingly, IL-6 levels in blood correlated tightly with disease severity and surrogates of...Continue Reading

References

Feb 22, 2005·Hepatology : Official Journal of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases·Reiner Wiest, Guadalupe Garcia-Tsao
Dec 8, 2005·Applied and Environmental Microbiology·Catherine Lozupone, Rob Knight
Jul 17, 2010·Journal of Hepatology·UNKNOWN European Association for the Study of the Liver
Nov 5, 2010·European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology·Beate AppenrodtTilman Sauerbruch
Oct 12, 2012·Hepatology : Official Journal of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases·Lixin ZhuSteven R Gill
Nov 30, 2012·Nucleic Acids Research·Christian QuastFrank Oliver Glöckner
Oct 31, 2014·European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology·Christian MortensenFlemming Bendtsen
May 6, 2015·FEMS Microbiology Reviews·Marnie PotgieterEtheresia Pretorius
May 24, 2016·Nature Methods·Benjamin J CallahanSusan P Holmes
Jun 10, 2016·Nature Reviews. Disease Primers·Vicente ArroyoBernd Schnabl
Jul 8, 2016·Nature·Christoph A ThaissEran Elinav
Aug 3, 2016·Hepatology : Official Journal of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases·Joan ClàriaUNKNOWN CANONIC Study Investigators of the EASL-CLIF Consortium and the European Foundation for the Study of Chronic Liver Failure (
Aug 11, 2016·European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology·Cornelius EngelmannThomas Berg
Sep 18, 2016·Hepatology : Official Journal of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases·Benjamin LelouvierJacques Amar
Aug 31, 2017·Liver International : Official Journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver·Marcus M MückeChristian M Lange
Oct 31, 2017·Hepatology : Official Journal of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases·Puneet PuriUNKNOWN TREAT Consortium
Mar 28, 2018·Gut·Robert SchierwagenManimozhiyan Arumugam
Apr 15, 2018·Journal of Hepatology·UNKNOWN European Association for the Study of the Liver. Electronic address: easloffice@easloffice.eu, UNKNOWN European Association for the Study of the Liver
Aug 30, 2018·Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology·Wim LalemanJonel Trebicka

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Nov 13, 2019·Liver Transplantation : Official Publication of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases and the International Liver Transplantation Society·Giuseppe CullaroElizabeth C Verna
Jan 25, 2020·The Veterinary Record·Craig R BrehenyRichard J Mellanby
Jul 23, 2020·Nature Metabolism·Fernando F AnhêAndré Marette
Aug 1, 2020·Frontiers in Immunology·Robert SchierwagenSabine Klein
Sep 5, 2020·Liver Transplantation : Official Publication of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases and the International Liver Transplantation Society·Olaf TycJonel Trebicka
Dec 2, 2020·Nature Reviews. Gastroenterology & Hepatology·Jonel TrebickaManimozhiyan Arumugam
Oct 18, 2019·Journal of Hepatology·Agustín AlbillosMaría Rescigno
Jun 5, 2021·Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews·Enis KostallariPierre-Emmanuel Rautou
Aug 3, 2021·JHEP Reports : Innovation in Hepatology·Yasuko Iwakiri, Jonel Trebicka

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Methods Mentioned

BETA
electrophoresis
ELISA
amplicon sequencing

Software Mentioned

vegan package
PERMANOVA
phyloseq
SPSS
R
UniFrac
phyloseq package
Adonis Permutational Multivariate Analysis of Variance ( PERMA...
DAtest
DADA2

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.