Competition for epidermal space in the evolution of leaves with high physiological rates

The New Phytologist
Andrés BareschC K Boyce

Abstract

Leaves with high photosynthetic capacity require high transpiration capacity. Consequently, hydraulic conductance, stomatal conductance, and assimilation capacities should be positively correlated. These traits make independent demands on anatomical space, particularly due to the propensity for veins to have bundle sheath extensions that exclude stomata from the local epidermis. We measured density and area occupation of bundle sheath extensions, density and size of stomata and subsidiary cells, and venation density for a sample of extant angiosperms and fossil and living nonangiosperm tracheophytes. For most nonangiosperms, even modest increases in vein density and stomatal conductance would require substantial reconfigurations of anatomy. One characteristic of the angiosperm syndrome (e.g. small cell sizes, etc.) is hierarchical vein networks that allow expression of bundle sheath extensions in some, but not all veins, contrasting with all-or-nothing alternatives available with the single-order vein networks in most nonangiosperms. Bundle sheath modulation is associated with higher vein densities in three independent groups with hierarchical venation: angiosperms, Gnetum (gymnosperm) and Dipteris (fern). Anatomical and develo...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jan 28, 2020·The New Phytologist·Katelyn H McKown, Dominique C Bergmann
Jul 12, 2020·The New Phytologist·Dongliang Xiong, Jaume Flexas
Nov 17, 2020·Frontiers in Plant Science·Christopher D Muir
Feb 25, 2021·Proceedings. Biological Sciences·Guillaume Théroux-RancourtCraig R Brodersen
Sep 29, 2021·American Journal of Botany·Xuchen GuoKarl J Niklas

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