Complement consumption in children with Plasmodium falciparum malaria.

Malaria Journal
Nancy K NyakoeJohn N Waitumbi

Abstract

Complement (C) can be activated during malaria, C components consumed and inflammatory mediators produced. This has potential to impair host innate defence. In a case-control study, C activation was assessed by measuring serum haemolytic activity (CH50), functional activity of each pathway and levels of C3a, C4a and C5a in children presenting at Kisumu District Hospital, western Kenya, with severe malarial anaemia (SMA) or uncomplicated malaria (UM). CH50 median titers for lysis of sensitized sheep erythrocytes in SMA (8.6 U/mL) were below normal (34-70 U/mL) and were one-fourth the level in UM (34.6 U/mL (P < 0.001). Plasma C3a median levels were 10 times higher than in normals forSMA (3,200 ng/ml) and for UM (3,500 ng/ml), indicating substantial C activation in both groups. Similar trends were obtained for C4a and C5a. The activities of all three C pathways were greatly reduced in SMA compared to UM (9.9% vs 83.4% for CP, 0.09% vs 30.7% for MBL and 36.8% vs 87.7% for AP respectively, P < 0.001). These results indicate that, while C activation occurs in both SMA and UM, C consumption is excessive in SMA. It is speculated that in SMA, consumption of C exceeds its regeneration.

References

Jan 1, 1977·Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene·M D SmithJ P CouLaud
Jan 1, 1989·Advances in Immunology·J M Ahearn, D T Fearon
May 1, 1985·The Medical Clinics of North America·S R NusinowJ G Curd
Dec 1, 1970·The Journal of Clinical Investigation·V A Bokisch, H J Müller-Eberhard
Feb 1, 1996·Research in Immunology·M J Walport, K A Davies
Oct 1, 1994·European Journal of Immunogenetics : Official Journal of the British Society for Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics·G M BarbaP M Schneider
Nov 5, 1997·Clinical Immunology and Immunopathology·C WenischS Looareesuwan
Nov 7, 1998·The Journal of Infectious Diseases·A J LutyP G Kremsner
Jul 17, 1999·Immunopharmacology·A M Rosengard, J M Ahearn
Sep 24, 1999·Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene·J BerkleyK Marsh
Dec 29, 2000·Pediatric Clinics of North America·M M Frank
Mar 23, 2004·Annual Review of Immunology·Anthony P MandersonMark J Walport
Aug 21, 2004·The Journal of Infectious Diseases·John N WaitumbiJosé A Stoute
Feb 25, 2005·The Journal of Immunology : Official Journal of the American Association of Immunologists·Julia SkokowaJ Engelbert Gessner
Feb 25, 2005·The Journal of Immunology : Official Journal of the American Association of Immunologists·Maria L CraigRonald P Taylor
Mar 22, 2005·European Journal of Haematology·Fausta Omodeo-SalèDonatella Taramelli
Jul 20, 2005·Molecular Immunology·A G SjöholmL Truedsson
Apr 18, 2006·Cell·Ramon Roozendaal, Michael C Carroll
May 23, 2006·Nature Medicine·Markus Huber-LangPeter A Ward
Feb 15, 2007·The Journal of Infectious Diseases·Rachel N BronzanStephen M Graham
Oct 4, 2007·The Journal of Immunology : Official Journal of the American Association of Immunologists·Andrew W PawluczkowyczRonald P Taylor
Jan 30, 2008·Malaria Journal·Colin OhrtJames Sande Odera

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Feb 6, 2010·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Esther N GondweCalman A MacLennan
Mar 13, 2012·Malaria Journal·Jackson C KorirJohn N Waitumbi
Feb 11, 2014·Trends in Molecular Medicine·Sergei Biryukov, José A Stoute
Sep 19, 2009·Neuromolecular Medicine·Trent M WoodruffStephen M Taylor
Jun 16, 2010·Cellular Microbiology·Karlee L SilverKevin C Kain
Apr 14, 2015·Mathematical Biosciences·Jones M MutuaNaveen K Vaidya
Aug 22, 2014·PloS One·Jackson C KorirJohn N Waitumbi
Dec 21, 2018·Journal of Leukocyte Biology·Jason P MooneyEleanor M Riley
Apr 8, 2010·Expert Review of Vaccines·Aubrey J Cunnington, Eleanor M Riley
Dec 14, 2019·Scientific Reports·Amber I RajaPatrick E Duffy
Jul 28, 2020·Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology·Christopher L HardingNathan W Schmidt
Apr 6, 2018·International Immunopharmacology·Nianping SongYusen Zhou
Jan 19, 2019·EcoSal Plus·James J Gilchrist, Calman A MacLennan
Jun 26, 2021·Frontiers in Immunology·Dilini RathnayakeStephen J Rogerson

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Methods Mentioned

BETA
ELISA
PCR
electrophoresis
SMA

Software Mentioned

GraphPad
Graph pad prism

Related Concepts

Related Feeds

Antimalarial Agents (ASM)

Antimalarial agents, also known as antimalarials, are designed to prevent or cure malaria. Discover the latest research on antimalarial agents here.

Anemia

Anemia develops when your blood lacks enough healthy red blood cells. Anemia of inflammation (AI, also called anemia of chronic disease) is a common, typically normocytic, normochromic anemia that is caused by an underlying inflammatory disease. Here is the latest research on anemia.

Antimalarial Agents

Antimalarial agents, also known as antimalarials, are designed to prevent or cure malaria. Discover the latest research on antimalarial agents here.

Alternative Complement Pathway

The Alternative Complement Pathway is part of the innate immune system, and activation generates membrane attack complexes that kill pathogenic cells. Discover the latest research on the Alternative Complement Pathway.

Blood Clotting Disorders

Thrombophilia includes conditions with increased tendency for excessive blood clotting. Blood clotting occurs when the body has insufficient amounts of specialized proteins that make blood clot and stop bleeding. Here is the latest research on blood clotting disorders.