Composition of the water accommodated fractions as a function of exposure times and temperatures

Marine Pollution Bulletin
Liv-Guri FaksnessLeiv K Sydnes

Abstract

The water accommodated fractions (WAFs) of nine oils in seawater have been studied. The oils range from light condensate to heavy crude, and include one highly biodegraded oil and one very wax rich oil. This study has identified large variations in the chemical composition of WAFs, depending on oil type, temperature, and mixing time. Experiments at different temperatures (2-13 degrees C) showed that it takes longer time to reach equilibrium at the lowest temperatures, and that this varies for the different oil types. Oils with higher pour point (wax rich oils) need a longer time to establish WAF in equilibrium than oils with lower pour points (naphthenic oils). At 13 degrees C a mixing time of 48h, as recommended in standard procedures, seems to be sufficient for asphalthenic and paraffinic oils. The results demonstrated that for WAF prepared from an unknown oil, or at lower temperatures, different mixing times should be tested. Since the WAF often is used in toxicity testing, the toxicity might be underestimated if the mixing time is too short.

References

Sep 1, 1982·Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology·W A Maher
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Citations

Mar 7, 2014·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Florane Le BihanicJérôme Cachot
Apr 26, 2014·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Vuokko MalkOlli-Pekka Penttinen
Feb 22, 2012·Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology·Min ChaoQi Yuan
Dec 30, 2014·Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology·Renato Nallin MontagnolliEderio Dino Bidoia
Jun 7, 2016·The Science of the Total Environment·Fengjiao LiuXuguang Huang
Feb 16, 2016·Scientific Reports·Feng-Jiao LiuXu-Guang Huang
Mar 4, 2017·Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry·Kathryn E BrownPeter L Harrison
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May 4, 2017·Journal of Environmental Science and Health. Part A, Toxic/hazardous Substances & Environmental Engineering·David Tirado-TorresMartha Gayosso-Canales
Sep 19, 2020·Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry·Kathryn E BrownPeter L Harrison
Nov 18, 2019·Aquatic Toxicology·Frederico Augusto Cariello DelunardoAdriana Regina Chippari-Gomes
Jun 25, 2019·Marine Pollution Bulletin·Durell S DesmondGary A Stern
Apr 8, 2021·Marine Pollution Bulletin·Renata Polyana de Santana CampeloPedro Augusto Mendes de Castro Melo
Apr 12, 2021·Marine Environmental Research·Frederike Keitel-GrönerThierry Baussant
Mar 8, 2018·Environmental Science & Technology·Bjørn Henrik HansenOdd Gunnar Brakstad

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