Comprehension of inferences in discourse processing by adolescents with and without language impairment.

Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research : JSLHR
Courtney Karasinski, Susan Ellis Weismer

Abstract

This study investigated inference construction within spoken narratives in adolescents with varying cognitive and language abilities, using W. Kintsch's (1988) construction-integration model as a framework. The role of working memory in inference construction was examined along with language and nonverbal cognition. Participants were 527 eighth-grade students in 4 diagnostic groups: normal language (NL), low cognitive (LC), specific language impairment (SLI), and nonspecific language impairment (NLI). Participants answered premise and inference questions based on adjacent and distant information. Distant inferences were significantly more difficult than were adjacent inferences. When controlling for premise accuracy, the NL group performed significantly better than each of the other groups on distant inferences. The LC group demonstrated significantly higher accuracy on distant inferences than did the NLI group. Regression analyses revealed that performance on a verbal working memory measure predicted unique variance in distant inference accuracy beyond that accounted for by measures of language and nonverbal cognition. Understanding implicit information, particularly when linking distant information, is difficult for adolescen...Continue Reading

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Citations

Mar 19, 2014·International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology·Maria NicastriPatrizia Mancini
Jul 27, 2014·Journal of Communication Disorders·Mary Beth SchmittChristopher W Bartlett
Jun 4, 2011·Journal of Communication Disorders·Carol A Miller, David A Wagstaff
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Oct 5, 2018·Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research : JSLHR·Sheila M Gough KenyonRebecca M Lucas
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Jan 23, 2015·Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research : JSLHR·Marilyn A NippoldMelanie MacKinnon
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Apr 2, 2014·Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research : JSLHR·Dennis J McFarland
May 3, 2015·Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research : JSLHR·Rebecca Lucas, Courtenay Frazier Norbury
May 11, 2017·Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders·Rebecca LucasCourtenay Frazier Norbury
Jul 12, 2017·Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders·Susan Ellis WeismerMargarita Kaushanskaya
Apr 4, 2017·Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines·Dorothy V M BishopUNKNOWN and the CATALISE-2 consortium

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