Concentration-Dependent Diversifcation Effects of Free Cholesterol Loading on Macrophage Viability and Polarization

Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry : International Journal of Experimental Cellular Physiology, Biochemistry, and Pharmacology
Xiaoyang XuFan Zhang

Abstract

The accumulation of free cholesterol in atherosclerotic lesions has been well documented in both animals and humans. In studying the relevance of free cholesterol buildup in atherosclerosis, contradictory results have been generated, indicating that free cholesterol produces both pro- and anti-atherosclerosis effects in macrophages. This inconsistency might stem from the examination of only select concentrations of free cholesterol. In the present study, we sought to investigate the implication of excess free cholesterol loading in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis across a broad concentration range from (in µg/ml) 0 to 60. Macrophage viability was determined by measuring formazan formation and flow cytometry viable cell counting. The polarization of M1 and M2 macrophages was differentiated by FACS (Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting) assay. The secretion of IL-1β in macrophage culture medium was measured by ELISA kit. Macrophage apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry using a TUNEL kit. Macrophage viability was increased at the treatment of lower concentrations of free cholesterol from (in µg/ml) 0 to 20, but gradually decreased at higher concentrations from 20 to 60. Lower free cholesterol loading induced anti-inflamma...Continue Reading

Citations

Nov 22, 2018·American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology·Xinxu YuanPin-Lan Li
Sep 10, 2019·Frontiers in Immunology·Omar SharifGernot Schabbauer

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